Geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic setting of the serpentinized peridotites from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong series, Eseka area, SW Cameroon

Tsoungui, Philomene Nga Essomba; Ganno, Sylvestre; Njiosseu, Evine Laure Tanko; Mbongue, Jean Lavenir Ndema; Woguia, Brice Kamguia; Tamehe, Landry Soh; Wambo, Jonas Didero Takodjou; Nzenti, Jean Paul

doi:10.1007/s11631-019-00368-4

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Owona, Ratschbacher, et al (2020) reporting that the oldest amphibolites‐protolith ages in the Nyong Complex is compatible with the few ages of 2800 Ma that have been published. Numerous studies conducted inside the Nyong Complex demonstrate that the calculated age (2050 ± 45 Ma) is comparable with ages determined for the regional metamorphism of Palaeoproterozoic granulite‐facies rocks (2.05 Ga; Toteu et al, 1994), eclogite (2.9 Ga; Loose & Schenk, 2018), and serpentinite (2.8 Ga; Nga Essomba et al, 2020). The collision‐related tectonic exhumation and decompression melting process likely began around 13–15 kbar and 680°C between 2100 and 2050 Ma, according to Loose and Schenk (2018), Bouyo Houketchang et al (2019) and Owona et al (2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Intrusions of metadiorites, granodiorites, and syenites from the Nyong Complex and post‐tectonic dolerites (Lerouge et al, 2006; Toteu et al, 1994) were observed. More recently, well‐preserved variably retrograded eclogite‐facies metamorphic rocks (eclogites and serpentinized peridotites) have been reported from the Nyong Complex (Bouyo Houketchang et al, 2019; Loose & Schenk, 2018; Nga Essomba et al, 2020). Eclogites and granulites from the Nyong Complex described support models of crustal evolution reconstruction, which assume that plate tectonic processes characterized by subduction of oceanic lithospheric plates took place during the Palaeoproterozoic (Bouyo Houketchang et al, 2019; Loose & Schenk, 2018).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is based on field observations in conjunction with petrographic and geochemical examinations. Numerous reports of similar processes throughout the entire Nyong Complex (Kwamou et al, 2021;Lerouge et al, 2006;Moudioh et al, 2020;Mvodo et al, 2022;Nga Essomba et al, 2020;Nzepang Tankwa et al, 2021;Owona et al, 2022). In this context, before making any petrogenetic and geodynamic interpretations, it is important to evaluate the effects of post-emplacement processes on the mobility of major, trace, and rare earth elements.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Metamorphism Host Rocks In the Nyong Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be used to explain the greater endowment of iron deposits within the upper craton in the Nyong Complex. Djoukouo et al, 2021;Loose & Schenk, 2018;Nga Essomba et al, 2020;Owona et al, 2022;Owona, Ratschbacher, et al, 2020;Soh et al, 2021;Soh Tamehe et al, 2022) eny (e.g., Bouyo Houketchang et al, 2019;Djoukouo et al, 2021;Fuanya et al, 2019;Kamguia Woguia et al, 2022;Loose & Schenk, 2018;Moudioh et al, 2020;Owona et al, 2021;Owona et al, 2022;Owona, Ratschbacher, et al, 2020;Soh et al, 2021). Continental arcs have an extensive range of compositions, from silica-poor stages associated with the early stages of development of convergent plate margins to highly evolved magmas marking the end of subduction (Santos et al, 2021).…”

Section: Implications For Iron Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed rocks associated with iron formations of the Toko‐Nlokeng iron deposit, (Southern Cameroon): Implications for geodynamic evolution and mineralization

2023

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Detailed petrographic, lithostratigraphic, and geochemical data of metamorphosed orthogneisses and mafic‐ultramafic metavolcanic rocks intruded into the greenstone belt of the Toko‐Nlokeng iron deposit have enabled the reconstruction of the tectonic and geodynamic setting and crustal evolution of the Nyong Complex. Samples were collected from the drill holes TNF11_01 and TNF11_02 from 17.16 m to 335.85 m depth. The lithostratigraphy supported by field and petrographic observations outlines two main lithologies: Iron formations (IFs) and metamorphosed host rocks. The IFs (granular iron formations (GIF) and banded iron formations (BIF)) are intercalated with host rocks consisting of orthogneisses and mafic‐ultramafic rocks. New and published geochemical data of metamorphosed associated IFs from Anyouzok (TNF08 prospect) of the Toko‐Nlokeng iron deposit, Mewengo iron deposit, Bipindi, and Kribi metavolcanic rocks in the Nyong Complex, suggest that these rocks were formed by material from intrusive and extrusive magmatic episodes with mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB) contaminated by either subduction or crustal components. CaO/Al2O3 and (Gd/Yb)N ratios >1 and positive Nb anomalies in ultramafic rocks indicate a mantle plume source contaminated by metasomatized subduction mantle lithosphere. These data also show that the mafic‐ultramafic metavolcanic rocks derive from magma of basaltic and basaltic andesite compositions, with a tholeiitic to calc‐alkaline tendency characteristic of the upper mantle. These data reveal that gneisses derive from granite and diorite subalkaline, peraluminous, and ferroan to magnesian compatible with Cordilleran magmas and island arcs with polygenetic crustal signatures. All samples of mafic granulites, garnet‐amphibolite, metabasites, and ultramafic granulites in the Nyong Complex reveal no residual garnet and predominantly show ca. 4% partial melting of an amphibole‐spinel‐peridotite source in the Dy/Yb versus La/Yb. Otherwise, hornblendites of Toko‐Nlokeng display ca. 5% partial melting of an amphibole‐garnet‐peridotite source, average (Gd/Yb)CN ratio of the hornblendites is (Gd/Yb)CN = 7.56 > 2. This result suggests these hornblendites do not have the same magmatic source as other mafic‐ultramafic rocks of the Nyong Complex. Mafic‐ultramafic host rock protoliths are classified as E‐MORB, P‐MORB, and G‐MORB (hornblendites) compositional types and arc, back‐arc ‘B’ in subduction unrelated, rifted margin setting with minor crustal contamination. The tholeiitic to calc‐alkaline and peraluminous affinity of these rocks indicate a mature arc and thickened crust during the Eburnean Trans‐Amazonian orogenic belts of the Congo Craton. This study shows that the host rocks were emplaced in a convergent tectonic setting and affected by a syn‐collisional episode where melts were derived from the partial melting of thick basaltic crust into amphibolite–eclogite facies in the subduction zone. The geochemical signatures of the mafic‐ultramafic rocks support the tectonic accretionary of the Palaeoprotero...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Metamorphism Host Rocks In the Nyong Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Iron Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed rocks associated with iron formations of the Toko‐Nlokeng iron deposit, (Southern Cameroon): Implications for geodynamic evolution and mineralization

2023

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“…The Eburnean/Trans‐Amazonian Orogeny can be classified—by its high‐pressure and high‐temperature metamorphic mineral assemblages and the geochemistry of the related magmatic rocks—as a subduction–collision orogen. It stretches across Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, forming the West Central African Fold Belt (WCAFB; Boniface, Schenk, & Appel, 2012; Houketchang Bouyo, Pénaye, Mouri, & Toteu, 2019; Feybesse et al, 1998; Loose & Schenk, 2018; Nga Essomba et al, 2019; Thiéblemont, Callec, Fernandez‐Alonso, & Chène, 2018). Units equivalent to the Nyong Complex were mapped around the West African Shield, notably the Ashanti‐Kumasi, Houndé, Lawra, Kédougou, Ouago‐Fitini, and Reguibat belts (Kouamelan, Delor, & Peucat, 1997; Lambert‐Smith, Lawrence, Müller, & Treloar, 2015; Parra‐Avila et al, 2017; Peucat, Capdevila, Drareni, Mahdjoub, & Kahoui, 2005), and around the São Francisco Shield in Brazil, comprising the Eastern Bahia and Mineiro belts (Figure 1a; e.g., Aguilar et al, 2017; Alkmim & Wilson, 2017; Barbosa & Barbosa, 2017; Lopez, Cameron, & Jones, 2001; Neves et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New U–Pb zircon ages of Nyong Complex meta‐plutonites: Implications for the Eburnean/Trans‐Amazonian Orogeny in southwestern Cameroon (Central Africa)

Owona

Ratschbacher

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages from the Nyong Complex of southwestern Cameroona part of the West Central African Fold Belt-trace Late Mesoarchean (2,850 Ma), Middle Palaeoproterozoic (2,080 Ma), and Neoproterozoic (605 Ma) events: Two meta-syenites and the protolith of an amphibolite are Late Mesoarchean; two meta-granodiorites are Middle Palaeoproterozoic; the amphibolite may have recrystallized in the Middle Palaeoproterozoic; all rocks are overprinted by the Neoproterozoic event. Integration with published data shows that our amphibolite sample has one of the oldest amphiboliteprotolith ages (2,810 Ma) reported so far. It shares the Middle Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism/recrystallization with other, previously dated amphibolites. An earlier reported metamorphic zircon age (2,090 Ma) from eclogite is somewhat older than the regional Middle Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism/recrystallization ages (2,040 Ma) reported from amphibolites. Thus, the eclogite-amphibolite ages may date an exhumation process. A published charnockite age, interpreted as an Early Mesoarchean crystallization age, is older than the Late Mesoarchean meta-syenite and amphibolite-protolith dates; its Middle Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism/recrystallization age, however, is identical with the metagranodiorites and amphibolites. The Neoproterozoic ages demonstrate the regional overprint of the Nyong Complex during this period. Integration of the Nyong Complex ages with published ones from the entire West Central African Fold Belt, and comparison with those from West Africa and South America, support their common origin from the Palaeoproterozoic collision between the Archean Congo and São Francisco shields.

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Texture and iron‐oxygen isotope composition of magnetite in the Sanaga iron ore prospect, Nyong Series, southwestern Cameroon: Implications for the origin of the magnetite mineralization

et al. 2023

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The Sanaga iron ore prospect within the Palaeoproterozoic Nyong Series in Cameroon is a magnetite‐dominated iron ore deposit hosted within granodioritic gneisses with an estimated resource of 82.9 Mt @ 32.1% Fe. The main ore mineral being magnetite, provides an opportunity to study the magnetite texture and iron‐oxygen isotope composition of the mineralization, which has heretofore not been reported. These offer insights into the nature and condition of formation of the mineralization thereby paving the way for better understanding the genesis and evolution of the mineralization as well as classifying it. The mineralization is characterized by Type I and Type II magnetite varieties based on their textural features. Type I magnetite is the dominant magnetite and is characterized by ilmenite oxy‐exsolution features with triple junction contacts, while Type II magnetite lacks these features. The presence of ilmenite oxy‐exsolution features in the Type I magnetite indicates a primary magmatic formation of the magnetite followed by re‐equilibration of primary Ti‐rich magnetite in the presence of a high‐temperature fluid. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) values for the magnetite range from +2.89% to 9.30‰ indicating precipitation from evolved ore‐forming fluids through reaction with country rocks. The iron isotope (δ56Fe) of the magnetite shows little variation, with positive values ranging from +0.49–0.66‰. These values plot within the magmatic and magmatic‐hydrothermal magnetite fields when compared to the published global range of δ56Fe values for different deposit types. A similar result is obtained by plotting the coupled Fe–O isotope pair, further buttressing the magmatic‐hydrothermal origin of the mineralization. Based on these data, the Sanaga iron mineralization is best explained as a magmatic‐hydrothermal deposit.

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Geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic setting of the serpentinized peridotites from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong series, Eseka area, SW Cameroon

Cited by 42 publications

References 63 publications

Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed rocks associated with iron formations of the Toko‐Nlokeng iron deposit, (Southern Cameroon): Implications for geodynamic evolution and mineralization

Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed rocks associated with iron formations of the Toko‐Nlokeng iron deposit, (Southern Cameroon): Implications for geodynamic evolution and mineralization

New U–Pb zircon ages of Nyong Complex meta‐plutonites: Implications for the Eburnean/Trans‐Amazonian Orogeny in southwestern Cameroon (Central Africa)

Texture and iron‐oxygen isotope composition of magnetite in the Sanaga iron ore prospect, Nyong Series, southwestern Cameroon: Implications for the origin of the magnetite mineralization

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