Geochemical composition of source obsidians from Kenya

Brown, Francis H.; Nash, Barbara P.; Fernández, Diego P.; Merrick, Harry V.; Thomas, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.011

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1; Brown et al, 2013). The observed SC, although low because of high variation in rhyolites, is within the range of expected values for replicates of LVP2013-05 (Table 3) and all means of all major element oxides overlap at ±1 standard deviation providing confident correlation (Brown and Nash, 2014).…”

Section: Unnamed Rhyolitic Tuffsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The observed SC, although low because of high variation in rhyolites, is within the range of expected values for replicates of LVP2013-05 (Table 3) and all means of all major element oxides overlap at ±1 standard deviation providing confident correlation (Brown and Nash, 2014). Analysis of the MER 10 obsidian sample, like all tuff samples analyzed for this study including LVP2013-05, were done on the same microprobe at the University of Utah using the same standards and protocols (Brown et al, 2013). As obsidians are effusive volcanics found close to their vent source, this correlation suggests that at least some of the tephras found at or near the base of the eLVB section originated from sources near Lake Naivasha in the central Kenyan rift.…”

Section: Unnamed Rhyolitic Tuffmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…By choosing analytical conditions identical to those widely used by the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Utah, we are able to directly integrate our data from the eLVB to a large body of published data on extra-basinal tephra that may be potential correlates (e.g., Brown and Fuller, 2008;Brown et al, 2012Brown et al, , 2013. The selected beam size and current can cause underestimates of volatile element abundance (especially Na) and over-representation of Si, leading to higher than expected totals (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total-alkali Silica graph (after Le Bas et al, 1986) of type samples of all eight distinct tuffs discussed in this study along with obsidian samples from the Kenya Rift. All obsidian data are from Brown et al (2013). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distal tephras of the eastern Lake Victoria basin, equatorial East Africa: correlations, chronology and a context for early modern humans

Blegen

Tryon

Faith

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tThe tephrostratigraphic framework for Pliocene and Early Pleistocene paleoanthropological sites in East Africa has been well established through nearly 50 years of research, but a similarly comprehensive framework is lacking for the Middle and particularly the Late Pleistocene. We provide the first detailed regional record of Late Pleistocene tephra deposits associated with artifacts or fossils from the Lake Victoria basin of western Kenya. Correlations of Late Pleistocene distal tephra deposits from the Wasiriya beds on Rusinga Island, the Waware beds on Mfangano Island and deposits near Karungu, mainland Kenya, are based on field stratigraphy coupled with 916 electron microprobe analyses of eleven major and minor element oxides from 50 samples. At least eight distinct distal tephra deposits are distinguished, four of which are found at multiple localities spanning >60 km over an approximately north to south transect. New optically stimulated luminescence dates help to constrain the Late Pleistocene depositional ages of these deposits. Our correlation and characterization of volcaniclastic deposits expand and refine the current stratigraphy of the eastern Lake Victoria basin. This provides the basis for relating fossil-and artifact-bearing sediments and a framework for ongoing geological, archaeological and paleontological studies of Late Pleistocene East Africa, a crucial time period for human evolution and dispersal within and out of Africa.

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Section: Unnamed Rhyolitic Tuffsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Unnamed Rhyolitic Tuffmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distal tephras of the eastern Lake Victoria basin, equatorial East Africa: correlations, chronology and a context for early modern humans

Blegen

Tryon

Faith

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…All contain MSA/LSA sequences and transitional artifact industries with small Levallois cores and flakes, retouched points, an abundance of small scrapers, backed pieces ∼24 mm in length, grindstones, ochre, and OES beads (2,4,(44)(45)(46). Pleistocene occurrences from GvJm-22, Nasera, Mumba, and Enkapune ya Muto contain obsidian from sources near Lake Naivasha at distances 100-300 km from the source (47)(48)(49). Similar archaeological sequences and shared raw material sources suggest population interconnections and extensive Late Pleistocene social networks throughout southern Kenya and northern Tanzania.…”

Section: Msa Archaeology At Gvjm-22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene age and archaeological context for the hominin calvaria from GvJm-22 (Lukenya Hill, Kenya)

Tryon

Crevecœur

Faith

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Kenya National Museums Lukenya Hill Hominid 1 (KNM-LH 1) is a Homo sapiens partial calvaria from site GvJm-22 at Lukenya Hill, Kenya, associated with Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological deposits. KNM-LH 1 is securely dated to the Late Pleistocene, and samples a time and region important for understanding the origins of modern human diversity. A revised chronology based on 26 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on ostrich eggshells indicates an age range of 23,576–22,887 y B.P. for KNM-LH 1, confirming prior attribution to the Last Glacial Maximum. Additional dates extend the maximum age for archaeological deposits at GvJm-22 to >46,000 y B.P. (>46 kya). These dates are consistent with new analyses identifying both Middle Stone Age and LSA lithic technologies at the site, making GvJm-22 a rare eastern African record of major human behavioral shifts during the Late Pleistocene. Comparative morphometric analyses of the KNM-LH 1 cranium document the temporal and spatial complexity of early modern human morphological variability. Features of cranial shape distinguish KNM-LH 1 and other Middle and Late Pleistocene African fossils from crania of recent Africans and samples from Holocene LSA and European Upper Paleolithic sites.

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Francis H. Brown (1943–2017)

Cerling

Klein

2017

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Geochemical composition of source obsidians from Kenya

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Distal tephras of the eastern Lake Victoria basin, equatorial East Africa: correlations, chronology and a context for early modern humans

Distal tephras of the eastern Lake Victoria basin, equatorial East Africa: correlations, chronology and a context for early modern humans

Late Pleistocene age and archaeological context for the hominin calvaria from GvJm-22 (Lukenya Hill, Kenya)

Francis H. Brown (1943–2017)

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