Geochemical baseline determination and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils of Karachi, Pakistan

Karim, Zahida; Qureshi, Bilal Aslam; Mumtaz, Majid

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.032

Cited by 159 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In most studies, traffic emission was recognized as the most important factor that would lead to significant quantities of metals deposited in roadside soils, for example, in China (Chen et al 2010;Wei and Yang 2010;Lu et al 2012), Turkey (Guney et al 2010;Kadıoğlu et al 2010), Greece (Massas et al 2009), Pakistan (Karim et al 2015), and Nigeria (Azeez et al 2014). Some studies have focused on the concentrations of heavy metals in roadside soils derived from vehicular emissions and demonstrated their detrimental impacts on the surrounding environment (Khan et al 2011;Yan et al 2012;Vural 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of accumulation and concentration of heavy metals in different urban roadside soil types in Miranda Park, Sydney

Zhao

Hazelton

2016

J Soils Sediments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The overall objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in roadside soil derived from three different geological parent materials, Hawkesbury Sandstone, Wianamatta Shale, and Mittagong Formation and also to examine the influence of rainfall events on heavy metal concentrations in both the topsoil and the subsoil in all three soil types. In this paper, the focus is on lead and zinc. Materials and methods The results obtained from the samples taken from an initial transect were used to select the location of the study sites. Soil samples were collected using a stainless steel auger at distances of 1, 5, and 10 m from the edge of two major roads of similar traffic volumes bordering a suburban park. At each of five study sites, samples were collected at depths of 0-10 and 10-30 cm, three times pre-rainfall (after extended periods of no rain) and three times post-rainfall (after intensive rainfall periods). The modified aqua regia digestion method was applied for heavy metal concentrations measurement. To determine the temporal dynamics of trace elements in the soils, sequential extractions were applied to all the topsoil samples according to the modified three-step sequential extraction procedure. Results and discussion The corresponding concentrations of Pb and Zn were different for the soil derived from Hawkesbury Sandstone and Wianamatta Shale and also Mittagong Formation. The highest concentration of Pb was in the soil from Wianamatta Shale, 159.32 mg/kg and the highest concentration of Zn was in the soil from the Mittagong Formation, 254.12 mg/kg, all at a distance of 1 m from the roadside. From the sequential chemical extraction results, the rainfall substantially influenced the exchangeable fraction (F1) of Pb at a distance from the road of 1 m. A significant reduction of F1 was found for the soil derived from Mittagong Formation which also had the most significant reduction of total Zn concentration. Conclusions The interpretation of the results showed that there was a clear correlation between the concentration of Pb and Zn with the distance from the roadside and depth in all soil types. However, the results also showed that there are variable concentrations between the soil types. The heavy metal concentrations at the same distance for the three soil types are different. The rainfall events do influence the heavy metal concentration differently in both topsoil and subsoil of the three soil types at the same distance from the roadside.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of accumulation and concentration of heavy metals in different urban roadside soil types in Miranda Park, Sydney

Zhao

Hazelton

2016

J Soils Sediments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The calculation of coefficient of variation also confirms the variability in the dispersion of the heavy metals in the study area. Coefficient of variation value lower than 20% indicates low variability, while value between 20 and 50% implies moderate variability, value greater than 50% but less or equal to 100% shows high variability and coefficient of variation value greater than 100% is regarded as exceptionally high variability (Karim et al 2015). From the results, all the heavy metals show low to moderate variability in the rock, soil and water samples.…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Distribution and Multivariate Pollution Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals and Natural Radionuclides Around Abandoned Iron-Ore Mines in North Central Nigeria

Isinkaye

2018

Earth Syst Environ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Itakpe abandoned iron-ore mines constitute the largest iron-ore deposits in Nigeria with an estimated reserve of about three million metric tons of ore. The present effort is a part of a comprehensive study to estimate the environmental and radiological health hazards associated with previous mining operations in the study area. In this regard, heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co and As) and natural radionuclides (U, Th and K) were measured in rock, soil and water samples collected at different locations within the mining sites. Atomic absorption and gamma-ray spectrometry were utilized for the measurements. Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co Pb and As were detected at varying concentrations in rock and soil samples. Cd, Cr, Pb and As were not detected in water samples. The concentrations of heavy metals vary according to the following pattern; rock ˃ soil ˃ water. The mean elemental concentrations of K, U and Th are 2.9%, 0.8 and 1.2 ppm and 1.3%, 0.7 and 1.7 ppm, respectively, for rock and soil samples. Pearson correlation analyses of the results indicate that the heavy metals are mostly negatively correlated with natural radionuclides in the study area. Cancer and non-cancer risks due to heavy metals and radiological hazards due to natural radionuclides to the population living within the vicinity of the abandoned mines are lower than acceptable limits. It can, therefore, be concluded that no significant environmental or radiological health hazard is envisaged.

show abstract

“…By making assumptions about the normal distribution of potentially toxic metals in non-contaminated sediments, the GBC can be established by removing data outliers and then applying several statistical techniques (Karim et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015). Cumulative distribution function (CDF) for potentially toxic metal concentration can be used to remove artificially-influenced potentially toxic metal concentration data points regardless of grain size, mineral influences, or potentially toxic metal sources (Karim et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015); however, this approach might delete naturally high values and cause unexpected errors.…”

Section: Determination Of Gbcfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first approach relies on non-contaminated samples collected from pristine areas unaffected by human activities or by oceanic modification processes such as scavenging (Song et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2014). In the second approach, statistical methods are applied to infer GBC in surface sediments (Jiang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015;Karim et al, 2015). By making assumptions about the normal distribution of potentially toxic metals in non-contaminated samples, the GBC can be estimated by first removing data outliers, and then by applying several statistical techniques (Matschullat et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and geochemical background of potentially toxic metals in surface sediments from the Zhejiang coastal mud area of the East China Sea

Liu

Pei

et al. 2016

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geochemical baseline determination and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils of Karachi, Pakistan

Cited by 159 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of accumulation and concentration of heavy metals in different urban roadside soil types in Miranda Park, Sydney

Evaluation of accumulation and concentration of heavy metals in different urban roadside soil types in Miranda Park, Sydney

Distribution and Multivariate Pollution Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals and Natural Radionuclides Around Abandoned Iron-Ore Mines in North Central Nigeria

Sources and geochemical background of potentially toxic metals in surface sediments from the Zhejiang coastal mud area of the East China Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About