Geochemical and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of Missole I iron duricrusts of the Douala sub-basin (Western Cameroon)

Climate and geological change as drivers of Mauritiinae palm biogeography

“…In the Eocene, Mauritidiites extends from South America, Africa, and to the Middle East, whereas Grimsdalea exclusively occurred in Africa and South America. In tropical Africa, there was a continuous presence of M. crassiexinus (Eisawi & Schrank, 2008;Mbesse, 2013;Okeke & Umeji, 2016;Oloto & Promise, 2014) and M. crassibaculatus pachyexinatus disappeared at the end of the late Eocene (33.9 Ma; Digbehi et al 2011;Mbesse, 2013;Ngon Ngon et al, 2016).…”

“…African and South American records include M. crassiexinus, M. crassibaculatus, M. franciscoi, and particularly M. franciscoi var. pachyexinatus, franciscoi, minutus (i.e., Africa: Bolaji et al, 2020;Mbesse, 2013;Ngon Ngon et al, 2016: Oloto, 1990Raymer, 2010;South America: de la Parra, 2009;Jaramillo & Dilcher, 2001;Jaramillo et al, 2007;Muller et al, 1987;Pardo-Trujillo & Roche, 2009;Sarmiento, 1991;Vajda-Santivanez, 1999;van der Hammen & Garcia, 1966 (Rawat et al, 1977;Venkatachala & Sharma, 1984) are not thought to be Mauritiinae (see section above).…”

Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy of Missole Outcrops: N’Kapa Formation of the South-Eastern Edge of Douala Sub-Basin (Cameroon)

“…This represents the most important flooding episode within the study area. Palynological primary results helped to confirm and extend the Thanetian age of Ngon Ngon et al (2016) to early Eocene age for these deposits. The upper part of Fml facies represents the outset of a new regressive stage constituted of progradational deposits of distal bay to estuary environment.…”

“…Occurrence of age-diagnostic dinoflagellate cysts, Cordosphaeridium gracile which has been reported from Based on stratigraphic extensions of most known species, Thanetian age range proposed by Ngon Ngon et al (2016) can be extends to early Eocene. Deposits seem then to be older around 3My, indicating a third sequence order.…”

“…is considered as Paleocene -Eocene from Dumort (1968). Previous studies conducted in these outcrops by Bachirou et al (2014) and Ngon Ngon et al (2016) provided facies analysis, depositional environments and geochemical charcteristics of Missole outcrops. However, no sequence stratigraphic study has been published for these outcrops since the building of the "Nationale 3" road in 1984.…”