Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of Trace Elements in Groundwater of Niğde Municipality, South-Central Turkey: Implications for Arsenic Contamination and Human Health Risks Assessment

Çiner, Fehiman; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Şenbaş, Burak Anıl

doi:10.1007/s00244-020-00759-2

“…However, due to the increasing rate of anthropogenic activities, the PTEs are being re-dispersed resulting in elevated concentrations (Elnazer and Salman 2020). Globally, it is well documented that the main anthropogenic sources of PTEs in the soilwater-plant system are mining activities, agricultural activities, sewage disposal, industrial and vehicular emissions (Lermi and Ertan 2019;Zango et al 2019;Çiner et al 2020;Kovacheva et al 2020;Liu et al 2020;Nganje et al 2020). Among these, mining activities are the dominant routes of PTEs in the soil-water-plant system in metallogenic provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over exposure to Cu through industrial and mining activities can lead to liver damage and impairment of the central nervous system, and in some cases, it can lead to lung cancer (Giri and Singh 2017). In addition, most of the non-essential PTEs like Pb, As, Hg, and Cd act as carcinogens and are the cause of many diseases, especially those involving the heart, nervous system, kidney, and bones (Järup 2003;Chiang et al 2011;Zhan et al 2014;Sunkari and Danladi 2016;Çiner et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Soil-water-plant System in the Bolkar Mining District, Niğde, South-central Turkey

Lermi

¹

,

Sunkari

²

2021

Preprint

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Globally, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are regarded as an important group of pollutants for the wider environment because of their intrinsic toxicity and probable accumulation in the soil-water-plant system. In this regard, this study assessed the pollution levels and probable human health risks of PTEs in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district of the Niğde Province in south-central Turkey. Pollution assessment using contamination factor, enrichment factor, index of geoaccumulation, and soil pollution index reveals moderate to extremely high pollution of PTEs in the soil, exposing the soils to extreme toxicity levels. The areas that fall under the toxic to extremely toxic categories are in proximity to the ore slags and agricultural lands towards the central and southern domains of the study area. The water hazard index (WHI) values indicate that 100% of the samples collected in both winter and fall seasons are of extreme toxicity (WHI > 15). Arsenic is the dominant contaminant among the PTEs in the soil and water samples. The bioconcentration factor values of the PTEs in most of the fruit plants are > 1, indicating very high levels of element transfer from the soil and water to the plants. The probabilistic human health risk assessment involved exposure to arsenic in groundwater (a major pathway to humans) since it is the only carcinogenic element in this study. The estimated daily intake of arsenic-contaminated water exceeds the safe limit of 5 × 10− 8 mg/kg/day. About 33.3% and 55.6% of the groundwater samples have higher hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk values of arsenic in the winter and fall seasons, respectively. This implies that the people are more exposed to the carcinogenic effects of drinking arsenic-contaminated water.

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“…However, due to the increasing rate of anthropogenic activities, the PTEs are being re-dispersed resulting in elevated concentrations (Elnazer and Salman 2020). Globally, it is well documented that the main anthropogenic sources of PTEs in the soilwater-plant system are mining activities, agricultural activities, sewage disposal, industrial and vehicular emissions (Lermi and Ertan 2019;Zango et al 2019;Çiner et al 2020;Kovacheva et al 2020;Liu et al 2020;Nganje et al 2020). Among these, mining activities are the dominant routes of PTEs in the soil-water-plant system in metallogenic provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over exposure to Cu through industrial and mining activities can lead to liver damage and impairment of the central nervous system, and in some cases, it can lead to lung cancer (Giri and Singh 2017). In addition, most of the non-essential PTEs like Pb, As, Hg, and Cd act as carcinogens and are the cause of many diseases, especially those involving the heart, nervous system, kidney, and bones (Järup 2003;Chiang et al 2011;Zhan et al 2014;Sunkari and Danladi 2016;Çiner et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and probabilistic human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district, Niğde, south-central Turkey

Lermi

¹

,

Sunkari

²

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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10

0

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“…Groundwater serves as an important water resource supplying the demand for drinking, domestic, agriculture sectors and industries especially in regions of arid and semi-arid countries (Wang et al 2020;Li et al 2019a;Ezugwu et al 2019;Çiner et al 2020) and it is usually perceived as safe compared with surface water resources due to its natural filtration of contaminants by the soil as water moves into the groundwater (Sener et al 2017;Wagh et. al 2018;Edokpayi et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Heavy Metal Pollution Indices and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Semi-arid Coastal Aquifers, South Africa

Mthembu

¹

,

Elumalai

²

,

Li

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

1

0

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The metal contaminated groundwater results in serious health issues and hence this study attempts to address metal contamination and its sources by using integrated techniques including indexed and statistical methods and its related health hazards. Groundwater pH varied from 5.3 to 8.3 indicating acidic to alkaline in nature. Heavy metal evaluation index and degree of contamination reveal that all the groundwater samples fall under low pollution and are appropriate for human consumption. According to the pollution index majority of the samples fall in the insignificant pollution zone. Water quality index reveal that 19% and 2% of the groundwater samples belong to the poor and very poor water quality category and are spatially situated on the central, northern and southern parts of the study region. Correlation matrix and principal component analysis reveal that weathering of aquifer matrix and anthropogenic activities are accountable for the release of heavy metals into groundwater. Furthermore, R-mode and Q-mode cluster analysis revealed two clusters which are linked to mixed sources including weathering and anthropogenic activities. Based on the hazard quotient the order of heavy metal impact is: Co>Pb>Cd>Zn>As>Mn>Cu>Cr>Fe>Ni for both children and adult. The hazard index values varied from 0.06 to 8.16 for children and from 0.02 to 2.14 for adult. In this study, it is discovered that 43% and 26% of groundwater samples pose non-carcinogenic health risk in children and adult, respectively. This study highly recommends treatment of contaminated groundwater before consumption in order to protect and maintain the public health.

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Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of Trace Elements in Groundwater of Niğde Municipality, South-Central Turkey: Implications for Arsenic Contamination and Human Health Risks Assessment

Cited by 42 publications

References 82 publications

Pollution and Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Soil-water-plant System in the Bolkar Mining District, Niğde, South-central Turkey

Pollution and Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Soil-water-plant System in the Bolkar Mining District, Niğde, South-central Turkey

Pollution and probabilistic human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district, Niğde, south-central Turkey

Integration of Heavy Metal Pollution Indices and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Semi-arid Coastal Aquifers, South Africa

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