Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk

Rachwał, Marzena; Wawer, Małgorzata; Jabłońska, Mariola; Rogula–Kozłowska, Wioletta; Rogula-Kopiec, Patrycja

doi:10.3390/min10100866

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies were addressed to the magnetic properties of PM 10 filters (e.g. Shu et al, 2001 ; Muxworthy et al, 2001 , 2002 ; 2003 ; Spassov et al, 2004 ; Petrovský et al, 2020 ; Castaneda-Miranda et al, 2014 ; Rachwał et al, 2020 ; Leite et al, 2021 ): Sagnotti et al (2006) made an extensive magnetic survey of the filters from air monitoring stations in Rome, aimed at the discrimination of local natural and anthropogenic sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Covid-19 lockdown on airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy: A magnetic point of view

Winkler

Amoroso

Giosa

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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Between 9 March and 18 May 2020, strict lockdown measures were adopted in Italy for containing the COVID-19 pandemic: in Rome, despite vehicular traffic on average was more than halved, it was not observed a evident decrease of the airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations, as assessed by air quality data. In this study, daily PM 10 filters were collected from selected automated stations operated in Rome by the regional network of air quality monitoring: their magnetic properties – including magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis parameters and FORC (first order reversal curves) diagrams - were compared during and after the lockdown, for outlining the impact of the COVID-19 measures on airborne particulate matter. In urban traffic sites, the PM 10 concentrations did not significantly change after the end of the lockdown, when traffic promptly returned to its usual levels; conversely, the average magnetic susceptibility approximately doubled, and the linear correlation between volume magnetic susceptibility and PM 10 concentration became significant, pointing out the link between PM 10 concentrations and the increasing levels of traffic-related magnetic emissions. Magnetite-like minerals, attributed to non-exhaust brakes emissions, dominated the magnetic fraction of PM 10 near urban traffic sites, with natural magnetic components emerging in background sites and during exogenous dusts atmospheric events. Magnetic susceptibility constituted a fast and sensitive proxy of vehicular particulate emissions: the magnetic properties can play a relevant role in the source apportionment of PM 10 , especially when unsignificant variations in its concentration levels may mask important changes in the traffic-related magnetic fraction. As a further hint, increasing attention should be drawn to the reduction of brake wear emissions, that are overcoming by far fuel exhausts as the main pollutant in traffic contexts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Covid-19 lockdown on airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy: A magnetic point of view

Winkler

Amoroso

Giosa

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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“…For Warsaw, a total of 107 daily samples of PM 1 were collected, with 51 samples taken during the summer period from June 24 to August 22, 2014, and 55 samples taken during the winter period from January 8 to March 8, 2015. The collection of PM 1 samples, their preparation and the measurements of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mg concentrations were carried out following the procedure described in Rachwał et al (2020). Briefly, PM 1 sampling was carried out using a sampling head (with PM inlet) equipped with a PM 1 jet impactor, at a flow rate of 2.3 m 3 /h.…”

Section: Pm 1 Sampling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Inhalation Risks in Urban Environments in Poland: A Case Study

Majewski,

Klik,

Rogula-Kozłowska

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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In recent years, heightened air pollution characterized by elevated levels of particulate matter and potentially toxic metals has become a prominent concern, particularly in densely populated urban areas, which may pose a threat to the health of the population. The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive health risk assessment of heavy metals exposure via inhalation, with a focus on submicron particles (PM 1 ), in two major cities of Poland -Warsaw and Zabrze. These cities were selected due to their distinct levels of urbanization and industrialization. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks assessment was performed for children and adults. The carcinogenic risk was evaluated for As, Cd, Cr(VI), Ni, Pb, and Co, classified as carcinogens, the non-carcinogenic risk evaluation encompassed a broader range of metals, including V, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mg, aiming to comprehensively understand health exposure. The results highlight elevated carcinogenic risk in Zabrze, primarily linked to industrial activities and ongoing emissions. Notably, Ni, As, and Cr(VI) exceed safe limits, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Moreover, non-carcinogenic risks reveal Zabrze's heightened respiratory health risks, compared to Warsaw. Despite Warsaw's lower non-carcinogenic risk values, both cities recorded Ni and Mg concentrations exceeding safe limits. This indicates that Zabrze faces higher health risks from heavy metal exposure due to ongoing pollution sources. In contrast, Warsaw, the capital city and a major urban centre, demonstrates better air quality but still requires continuous monitoring and pollution control measures.

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“…In recent times, there has been an increase in social and scientific interest in improving air quality in urban areas due to the health risks posed by pollutants like particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide, ozone, benzene, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide (Zheng et al 2015 , Thurston et al 2016 ; Weichenthal et al 2017 ; Wu et al 2018 ; Harrison et al 2017 ; Strak et al 2017 ; Čabanová et al 2019 ; Pope et al 2020 ; Rachwał et al 2020 ; Hammond et al 2022 ; Adamiec et al 2022 ; Loaiza-Ceballos et al 2022 ). Of these pollutants, airborne particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 µm (PM10), less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and smaller are particularly harmful to human health as they can easily penetrate deep into the lungs and circulatory system, leading to serious respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and even mortality (Maher et al 2016 ; Thurston et al 2016 ; Miller et al 2017 ; Weichenthal et al 2017 ; Bové et al 2019 ; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al 2020 ; Nadali et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring magnetic susceptibility of particulate matter collected on filters

Górka-Kostrubiec,

Werner,

Karasiński

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The magnetic susceptibility (κ) of particulate matter (PM) is a useful tool in estimation concentration of iron-rich particles and provides useful information on the emission sources and pathways of spread of PM in the atmosphere. However, there is currently no established protocol for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of PM collected on filters used in standard monitoring of PM concentration. This paper presents a step-by-step process for collecting PM on filters in automatic samplers and measuring their κ. The procedure outlines requirements for data quality, measurement uncertainty, exposure time and conditions, and the amount of material collected on the filters. The study analyzed a 2-year dataset of magnetic susceptibility measurements by MFK-1 kappabridge (Agico, Czech Republic) for PM10 and PM2.5 collected at two locations, Warsaw and Cracow, in Poland using low-volume PM samplers. By strictly following the procedure for conditioning filters, measuring magnetic susceptibility and mass of PM, the study found that it is possible to obtain repeatable data with good measurement accuracy and acceptable errors. This makes magnetic susceptibility an additional reliable parameter for tracking of emission sources of iron-rich particles. Successful implementation of this magnetic method as a standard procedure for monitoring PM in addition to the PM mass collected on filters could be used to analyze sources of emission of Fe-particles and their contribution to the PM mass, especially in urban and industrial environments.

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Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

The effect of Covid-19 lockdown on airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy: A magnetic point of view

The effect of Covid-19 lockdown on airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy: A magnetic point of view

Assessment of Heavy Metal Inhalation Risks in Urban Environments in Poland: A Case Study

Measuring magnetic susceptibility of particulate matter collected on filters

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