Geochemical and biological aspects of sulfide mineral dissolution: lessons from Iron Mountain, California

Edwards, Katrina J.; Bond, Philip L.; Druschel, Greg K.; McGuire, Molly M.; Hamers, Robert J.; Banfield, Jillian F.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(00)00216-3

Cited by 134 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Temperatures, pHs, and conductivities were measured directly in the mine with electrodes, as described elsewhere (14). Samples were collected in sterile 60-ml plastic syringes, filtered through Acrodisc (0.45-or 0.2-m pore size) syringe filters, and stored on ice in sterile 15-ml Falcon tubes for transport back to the laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3C in reference 4). In addition, they keep organic carbon levels low and produce dissolved carbonate ions, which are likely important for the growth of chemolithoautotrophic acidophilic prokaryotes.There have been few prior reports of eukaryotes in AMD (14,18,25,34,36,38). Two extremely acidophilic (pH, Ͻ1) and metal-tolerant mitosporic fungi, Scytalidium acidophilium and Acontium velatum, were isolated by Starkey and Waksman (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metabolically Active Eukaryotic Communities in Extremely Acidic Mine Drainage

Baker¹,

Lutz

Dawson³

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

159

127

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) microbial communities contain microbial eukaryotes (both fungi and protists) that confer a biofilm structure and impact the abundance of bacteria and archaea and the community composition via grazing and other mechanisms. Since prokaryotes impact iron oxidation rates and thus regulate AMD generation rates, it is important to analyze the fungal and protistan populations. We utilized 18S rRNA and beta-tubulin gene phylogenies and fluorescent rRNA-specific probes to characterize the eukaryotic diversity and distribution in extremely acidic (pHs 0.8 to 1.38), warm (30 to 50°C), metal-rich (up to 269 mM Fe 2؉ , 16.8 mM Zn, 8.5 mM As, and 4.1 mM Cu) AMD solutions from the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, Calif. A Rhodophyta (red algae) lineage and organisms from the Vahlkampfiidae family were identified. The fungal 18S rRNA and tubulin gene sequences formed two distinct phylogenetic groups associated with the classes Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. Three fungal isolates that were closely related to the Dothideomycetes clones were obtained. We suggest the name "Acidomyces richmondensis" for these isolates. Since these ascomycete fungi were morphologically indistinguishable, rRNA-specific oligonucleotide probes were designed to target the Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes via fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH analyses indicated that Eurotiomycetes are generally more abundant than Dothideomycetes in all of the seven locations studied within the Richmond Mine system. This is the first study to combine the culture-independent detection of fungi with in situ detection and a demonstration of activity in an acidic environment. The results expand our understanding of the subsurface AMD microbial community structure.The Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, which is near the city of Redding in northern California, is a subsurface mine that contains chemolithotrophic microbial communities that are sustained by energy derived from pyrite (FeS 2 ) oxidation (4). The dissolution of pyrite from the Richmond Mine ore body yields warm (35 to 57°C), extremely acidic (typically pHs 0.5 to 0.9), metal-rich (for a review, see reference 4) fluids referred to as acid mine drainage (AMD). At the Richmond Mine it is possible to access, via mining tunnels, several environments that harbor these extremely acidophilic communities.Microbial eukaryotes likely play critical, but as yet only partially determined, roles in AMD communities. Fungal hyphae comprise a significant but variable portion of the total biomass in many biofilm communities in the Richmond Mine, particularly in those growing in flowing solutions. The hyphae may contribute to the anchoring of biofilms to pyrite sediments and may confer structure, especially to "slime streamers" (4). Relatively large fungal filaments also provide surfaces for the attachment of prokaryotes (see Fig. 3C in reference 4). In addition, they keep organic carbon levels low and produce dissolved carbonate ions, which are likely important for the growth of chemolithoautot...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolically Active Eukaryotic Communities in Extremely Acidic Mine Drainage

Baker¹,

Lutz

Dawson³

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

159

127

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“…Acid mine drainage results from bacterial iron oxidation, which leads to acidification due to dissolution of pyrite in abandoned mines (29). The microbial biofilm growing in the AMD in the Richmond mine at Iron Mountain, California, has a pH of 0.83, temperature of 43…”

Section: Metagenome Of the Microbial Community In Acid Mine Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomics: Genomic Analysis of Microbial Communities

2004

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▪ Abstract Uncultured microorganisms comprise the majority of the planet's biological diversity. Microorganisms represent two of the three domains of life and contain vast diversity that is the product of an estimated 3.8 billion years of evolution. In many environments, as many as 99% of the microorganisms cannot be cultured by standard techniques, and the uncultured fraction includes diverse organisms that are only distantly related to the cultured ones. Therefore, culture-independent methods are essential to understand the genetic diversity, population structure, and ecological roles of the majority of microorganisms. Metagenomics, or the culture-independent genomic analysis of an assemblage of microorganisms, has potential to answer fundamental questions in microbial ecology. This review describes progress toward understanding the biology of uncultured Bacteria, Archaea, and viruses through metagenomic analyses.

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“…However, low solubility of O 2 in these liquids and the slow rate of inorganic oxidation from ferrous ion to ferric ion by oxygen allow Fe(II) concentrations on the order of 0.5 M. The Fe(II) can be oxidized by mixing of mine waters with surface oxygenated water, or catalyzed by microbial activity (Edwards et al, 2000) to produce large quantities of nanoparticulate FeOX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticulate Iron Oxide Minerals in Soils and Sediments: Unique Properties and Contaminant Scavenging Mechanisms

2005

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Nanoparticulate goethite, akaganeite, hematite, ferrihydrite and schwertmannite are important constituents of soils, sediments and mine drainage outflows. These minerals have high sorption capacities for metal and anionic contaminants such as arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium. Contaminant sequestration is accomplished mainly by surface complexation, but aggregation of particles may encapsulate sorbed surface species into the multigrain interior interfaces, with significant consequences for contaminant dispersal or remediation processes. Particularly for particle sizes on the order of 1-10 nm, the sorption capacity and surface molecular structure also may differ in important ways from bulk material. We review the factors affecting geochemical reactivity of these nanophases, focusing on the ways they may remove toxins from the environment, and include recent results of studies on nanogoethite growth, aggregation and sorption processes.

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Geochemical and biological aspects of sulfide mineral dissolution: lessons from Iron Mountain, California

Cited by 134 publications

References 37 publications

Metabolically Active Eukaryotic Communities in Extremely Acidic Mine Drainage

Metabolically Active Eukaryotic Communities in Extremely Acidic Mine Drainage

Metagenomics: Genomic Analysis of Microbial Communities

Nanoparticulate Iron Oxide Minerals in Soils and Sediments: Unique Properties and Contaminant Scavenging Mechanisms

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