Geochemical Alteration and Mineralogy of Coals under the Influence of Fault Motion: A Case Study of Qi’nan Colliery, China

Abstract

Geochemical characteristics of rocks in fault zones have been extensively studied, while there are limited studies on coal occurring in fault zones of underground coal mine. In this study, five coal samples were carefully collected from a reverse fault zone in Qi’nan colliery. Systematical detection methods were employed to analyze the different chemical and physical characteristics of fault-related coal samples. Through comparative analysis, the following insights are obtained. Three subdivided fault zones were classified according to the deformation characteristics of coal samples. Frictional heat and strong ductile deformation generated by fault motion led to the dissociation of phenol and carboxyl groups in coal molecules, which sharply decreased the concentrations of elements Co and Mo bound to these functional groups in zone I. The modified pore-cleat system in zone I with higher pore volume and lower permeability allowed solutions containing enriched trace elements to migrate through zone I locally. Concentrations of HREE, MREE and related elements associated with the invasive solutions showed significant positive anomalies in zone I. Precipitation and smearing of clay minerals in zone I led to poorer connectivity. Disruption and delamination of laminar clay minerals by strong compression-shear stress significantly increased the adsorption sites for related elements, especially the HREE and MREE. Nano-scale clay minerals resulting from stress-induced scaly exfoliation also enhanced the retention capability of REE in zone I.

Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Resistivity of Tectonic Coal Samples with Different Particle Sizes

“…The local and regional tectonic movements during coalification and post-coalification could cause severe deformation on coal-bearing sequences. Consequently, tectonically deformed coal or tectonic coal has been damaged, squeezed, and deformed by tectonic activity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is characterized by weak cementation and a broken structure rich in pores and cracks [8][9][10].…”

Petrological Composition of the Last Coal Seam in the Longmendong Section before the End-Permian Mass Extinction

“…Coal mineralogy is therefore a crucial aspect to understanding the inorganic processes involved in its formation [10][11][12]. In particular, coal minerals provide important information regarding the local geological history and depositional conditions of coal-bearing sequences [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], in addition to the regional tectonic and sedimentary history [21]. The mineral assemblages in coal can also be used to determine the paleoenvironmental conditions of peat accumulation and coal formation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Multi-Phase Tectonic Movements and Their Controls on Coalbed Methane: A Case Study of No. 9 Coal Seam from Eastern Yunnan, SW China

“…Geological structure plays an important role in the process of CBM generation, occurrence, migration, and enrichment in coal seams [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Especially, the influence on CBM occurrence from the geological structure modification of the coal reservoir physical properties, such as porosity, adsorption, and permeability [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Research has been focused on the variation of gas content with geological structure; generally, fold and fault.…”