Geocentric position preliminary detection from the extreme ultraviolet images of Chang’E-3

Abstract

An Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Camera was installed onboard the Chinese lunar surface landing mission, the Chang'E-3 lander, as a useful method to observe the Earth plasmasphere. This EUV optical payload obtained more than 600 moon-based Earth plasmasphere images since December 14, 2013. However, due to errors of unknown size and origin in the platform attitude control of the lander and in the EUV telescope pointing control during the mission operating periods, the geocentric coordinates in these EUV images are not fixed in the same position of CCD pixel. Before adequately calibrating, these positioning offsets will introduce extra errors into the analysis of the plasmaspheric structure. With only a little insufficient telemetry information, an effective calibrating method of circle-based differential algorithm is suggested and demonstrated, for automatically and precisely detecting the geocentric position in each EUV image of Chang'E-3 mission. In each EUV image, the tested method uses the outline of a circle as the basic unit to capture the contour for the bright region based on the spectral characteristic. Then, the center of the extracted circle is adopted as the geocentric position for the image. The preliminary analysis shows that this method can effectively detect the geocentric position being always consistent with the recognition result by the basic hand labor method. It is found that the radius of the circles varies from month to month from December, 2013 to May, 2014. The monthly averages of radius show relative notable positive correlation and negative correlation with the changes of both Zenith angle of the Earth at the landing area of Chang'E-3 lander, and B C. Zheng the Earth-moon distance, respectively. This method and results here will benefit the Chang'E-3 EUV study.

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“…We perform the data reduction process based on the Level 2B data of EUVC. The data reduction procedure for each EUVC image includes three steps: (1) Rescale the image and let the FOV be 15 × 15 R E (i.e., 0.1 R E /pixel), then the size of Earth radius will be the same (10 pixels/ R E ) in all the processed EUVC images (note that in the original EUVC images the apparent radii of the Earth are slightly different owing to the variation of the Earth-Moon distance 44 ); (2) Shift the image and place the disk of the Earth at the center of the image 32 44 , then the pointing drift effect in the original EUVC images is eliminated; (3) Rotate the image and place the projected geomagnetic dipole axis along the y-axis direction 32 , which is convenient for the profile fitting using dipole field lines. The observational parameters needed for the data reduction process are available in the header of the Level 2B data.…”

“…2a ). The shape of the Earth 32 44 is outlined by a red circle. The blue curve is the projection of the selected fitting field line for the dayside plasmapause shape profile.…”