Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of iron and other metals

Lovley, Derek R.; Giovannoni, Stephen J.; White, David C.; Champine, J E; Phillips, Elizabeth; Gorby, Yuri A.; Goodwin, Steve

doi:10.1007/bf00290916

Cited by 872 publications

(572 citation statements)

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“…These unique metabolisms make Geobacter species important players in the contaminated subsurface environment (18). Geobacter metallireducens was the first iron-reducing organism isolated that coupled complete oxidation of organic acids with reduction of iron oxides (20,21). It completely oxidizes organic carbons such as fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (3, 20) coupled with the reduction of iron.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Geobacter metallireducens was the first iron-reducing organism isolated that coupled complete oxidation of organic acids with reduction of iron oxides (20,21). It completely oxidizes organic carbons such as fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (3,20) coupled with the reduction of iron. The genomes of several Geobacter species have been sequenced, and proteome data are also available (5,24).…”

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Flux Analysis of Central Metabolic Pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during Reduction of Soluble Fe(III)-Nitrilotriacetic Acid

Tang

Chakraborty

Martín

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We analyzed the carbon fluxes in the central metabolism of Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15 using 13 C isotopomer modeling. Acetate labeled in the first or second position was the sole carbon source, and Fenitrilotriacetic acid was the sole terminal electron acceptor. The measured labeled acetate uptake rate was 21 mmol/g (dry weight)/h in the exponential growth phase. The resulting isotope labeling pattern of amino acids allowed an accurate determination of the in vivo global metabolic reaction rates (fluxes) through the central metabolic pathways using a computational isotopomer model. The tracer experiments showed that G. metallireducens contained complete biosynthesis pathways for essential metabolism, and this strain might also have an unusual isoleucine biosynthesis route (using acetyl coenzyme A and pyruvate as the precursors). The model indicated that over 90% of the acetate was completely oxidized to CO 2 via a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle while reducing iron. Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase were present under these conditions, but enzymes in the glyoxylate shunt and malic enzyme were absent. Gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway were mainly employed for biosynthesis and accounted for less than 3% of total carbon consumption. The model also indicated surprisingly high reversibility in the reaction between oxoglutarate and succinate. This step operates close to the thermodynamic equilibrium, possibly because succinate is synthesized via a transferase reaction, and the conversion of oxoglutarate to succinate is a rate-limiting step for carbon metabolism. These findings enable a better understanding of the relationship between genome annotation and extant metabolic pathways in G. metallireducens.Geobacter species are known to be one of the dominant groups of microorganisms mediating iron reduction in the environment (21). They have been found to be ubiquitous in a myriad of subsurface environments. Detailed studies of their metabolism have revealed them to be capable of bioremediation of several heavy metals, including uranium, plutonium, technetium, and vanadium, as well as biodegradation of several organic contaminants, including monoaromatic hydrocarbons (16,17,26). More recently, Geobacter species have been used to generate electricity from waste organic matter (2, 15, 19). These unique metabolisms make Geobacter species important players in the contaminated subsurface environment (18). Geobacter metallireducens was the first iron-reducing organism isolated that coupled complete oxidation of organic acids with reduction of iron oxides (20,21). It completely oxidizes organic carbons such as fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (3, 20) coupled with the reduction of iron. The genomes of several Geobacter species have been sequenced, and proteome data are also available (5, 24). While the genome sequence and proteome are important for understanding Geobacter, they are not necessarily accurate represe...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Flux Analysis of Central Metabolic Pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during Reduction of Soluble Fe(III)-Nitrilotriacetic Acid

Tang

Chakraborty

Martín

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…(Fahrbach et al, 2008), Geobacter sp. KB-11 (Lovley et al, 1993), Phenylobacterium sp. b2-194 (Lingens et al, 1985) and Sulfuricurvum sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reclaimed water effluent on bacterial community structure in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil of urbanized riverside wetland, China

Huang

Xiong

Liu

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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In order to evaluate the impact of reclaimed water on the ecology of bacterial communities in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil, bacterial community structure was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results revealed significant spatial variation of bacterial communities along the river from upstream and downstream. For example, a higher relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and a lower proportion of β-Proteobacteria and ε-Proteobacteria was detected at the downstream site compared to the upstream site. Additionally, with an increase of the reclaimed water interference intensity, the rhizosphere bacterial community showed a decrease in taxon richness, evenness and diversity. The relative abundance of bacteria closely related to the resistant of heavy-metal was markedly increased, while the bacteria related for carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus/sulfur cycling wasn't strikingly changed. Besides that, the pathogenic bacteria markedly increased in the downstream rhizosphere soil since reclaimed water supplement, while the possible plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria obviously reduced in the downstream sediment.Together these data suggest cause and effect between reclaimed water input into the wetland, shift in bacterial communities through habitat change, and alteration of capacity for biogeochemical cycling of contaminants.

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“…Although the specific mechanism of Ni(II) reduction in strain MBR was not well demonstrated, the TEM studies revealed that the final microbial pathway of Ni(II) reduction was intracellularly localized. Since the earlier studies of electron transfer in Geobacter species and Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 Lovley et al 1993;Myers and Myers 2001), cytochromes involvement in electron transfer to Ni(II) has been speculated. Further studies on the potential role of external membrane proteins in electron transfer to Ni(II) by strain MBR are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic bioreduction of nickel(II) to elemental nickel with concomitant biomineralization

Zhan

Zhang

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Although microorganisms have the potential to reduce metals, products with elementary forms are unusual. In the present study, a strain of Pseudomonas sp. MBR was tested for its ability to reduce metal ions to their elementary forms coupled to biomineralization under aerobic conditions. The Pseudomonas sp. MBR strain was able to reduce metals such as Fe(III), Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Al(III), Se(IV), and Te(IV) as electron acceptors to elementary forms using citrate, lactate, pyruvate, succinate, malate, glucose, or ethanol as electron donors. Growth and reduction during biomineralization occurred within the pH range of 6.0 to 11.0 and temperature range of 4 to 40°C, with an optimum growth temperature of 28°C. The resistance of Ni (II) varied from 0.5 to 5 mM. Ni(II) reduction was still observed when nitrate was present in addition to oxygen as a potential electron acceptor. The Ni(II) reduction efficiency was related with the molar ratio of the electron donor to Ni(II). Unlike other dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, which oxidizes organic matter with Fe(III) or Mn (IV) as the sole electron acceptor coupled to energy production under facultative anaerobic conditions, this strain used oxygen as an electron acceptor combined with metal reduction. The aerobic metal reduction may relate to a co-metabolic reduction. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that the cells had the ability to accumulate heavy metals, and that the detoxicity mechanism was intracellular metal reduction. These results suggested that the use of Pseudomonas sp. MBR could be promising for toxic heavy metal bioremediation and biological metallurgy.

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Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of iron and other metals

Cited by 872 publications

References 54 publications

Flux Analysis of Central Metabolic Pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during Reduction of Soluble Fe(III)-Nitrilotriacetic Acid

Flux Analysis of Central Metabolic Pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during Reduction of Soluble Fe(III)-Nitrilotriacetic Acid

Effect of reclaimed water effluent on bacterial community structure in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil of urbanized riverside wetland, China

Aerobic bioreduction of nickel(II) to elemental nickel with concomitant biomineralization

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