Geoarchaeology of Tyre's ancient northern harbour, Phoenicia

Marriner, Nick; Morhange, Christophe; BouDagher‐Fadel, Marcelle K.; Bourcier, Michel; Carbonel, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.019

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The Litani river reaches the sea 9 km to the North of Tyre (Fig. 1) and is expected to have contributed significantly to the particulate load in the Tyre area (Marriner et al, 2005). The sector is characterized by high sea states and strong south-westerly winds, with periodic occurrences of north-westerlies.…”

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The northern cove of Tyre is relatively well protected from the major swell and storm waves by its North facing position, and by a system of submarine sandstone ridges oriented S-N (Beydoun, 1976). Although the fishing harbor that takes place today into the cove has only modest dimensions, the northern harbor was about 40% larger during proto-historic times and Antiquity (Marriner et al, 2005).…”

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), located in the internal part of the ancient harbor, as described in Marriner et al (2005). The sedimentary sequence covers most of the Holocene and is divided into six chrono-stratigraphic units.…”

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hereafter, the proto-harbor phase, harbor 1 and 2 phases taken together are designated as the harbor sequence sensu lato (s.l.). The presence of large fragments of ceramics or wood, as well as that of olive seeds in the sediments of harbor 1 and 2 phases suggests that the harbor was used as a large waste dump (Marriner et al, 2005). Large particulate inputs are also expected from runoff, increased by the development of the ancient town and by land clearance that started during proto-historic times in the Levantine area (Yasuda et al, 2000).…”

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occupation of Tyre spans back to the Bronze Age, and the city has been the place for intensive shipping and trading activities, from the Iron Age up to early Medieval times (Katzenstein, 1997). So although the earliest strata are missing (Marriner et al, 2005), the northern harbor is a good site to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic metals pollution in a protected marine environment over a period of about 2500 years. The absence of mines in the area of Tyre makes the local development of primary metallurgy unlikely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Anthropogenic accumulation of metals and metalloids in carbonate-rich sediments: Insights from the ancient harbor setting of Tyre (Lebanon)

Elmaleh

Galy

Allard

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Anthropogenic accumulation of metals and metalloids in carbonate-rich sediments: Insights from the ancient harbor setting of Tyre (Lebanon)

Elmaleh

Galy

Allard

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The geographies of ancient ephesus and the Artemision in Anatolia

et al. 2006

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This study is a sedimentologic and geomorphologic analysis of ancient geographies of the floodplains and delta of the Küçük Menderes (ancient Cayster River) around the city of Ephesus and the Artemision in Aegean coastal Anatolia. The authors emphasize the interrelationship of archaeological dating and structure, and historical comment in interdisciplinary analysis of ancient geographies and their paleoenvironments. In some cases, the historical literature is specific and factual. In other cases, legend from prehistory may provide important clues to the reconstruction of ancient environments as related to archaeological and historical settings. Ephesus and the closely related Artemision, or Temple of Diana of the Ephesians, offer a chance to link the disciplines of geology, physical geography, archaeology, history, and epigraphy in a composite of paleoenvironmental/paleogeographical interpretations of geomorphology over the past three millennia. Holocene sea-level rise and marine transgression provide the raised paralic settings of the harbors of Ephesus and the Artemision. The settings of the harbors were altered by continuing progradation of the ancient Cayster River delta-floodplain over the past three millennia. This research shows how interdisciplinary research greatly enhances our understanding of the ancient geographies of Ephesus and the Artemision.

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Geoarchaeological study of the Phoenician cemetery of Tyre‐Al Bass (Lebanon) and geomorphological evolution of a tombolo

González¹,

Ruiz²

2008

Geoarchaeology

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The geoarchaeological record of the Phoenician necropolis of Al Bass (Lebanon) provides information concerning the geomorphological evolution of a late Holocene tombolo. Physical and chemical analysis of sediments indicates that the cemetery (9th century B.C.) was located near a littoral lagoon, between the dunes of a cuspate spit pointing toward the island of Tyre. From the sea apex of this spit, the moles mentioned in historical chronicles were constructed. Once mainland and island were connected, at the northern coast (where the port of Sidon was located), a sediment trap was formed, which quickly filled with silt. Afterwards, an extensive field of sand dunes buried all the archaeological remains from Phoenician to Roman times.

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Geoarchaeology of Tyre's ancient northern harbour, Phoenicia

Cited by 76 publications

References 29 publications

Anthropogenic accumulation of metals and metalloids in carbonate-rich sediments: Insights from the ancient harbor setting of Tyre (Lebanon)

Anthropogenic accumulation of metals and metalloids in carbonate-rich sediments: Insights from the ancient harbor setting of Tyre (Lebanon)

The geographies of ancient ephesus and the Artemision in Anatolia

Geoarchaeological study of the Phoenician cemetery of Tyre‐Al Bass (Lebanon) and geomorphological evolution of a tombolo

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