Geoaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the urban river sediment

Shafie, Nur Aliaa; Aris, Ahmad Zaharin; Haris, Hazzeman

doi:10.1016/s1001-6279(14)60051-2

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Minerals in the form of macro and micronutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were analyzed according to the method of Shafie, Aris, and Haris () using a N 2 O/acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS; Shimadzu AA‐6800F, Shimadzu Corporation). Coconut sap, sugar palm juice, and sugarcane juice were diluted 10×, 50×, 100×, 500×, and 1,000× in deionised and filtered through a 0.45 µm nylon filter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties

Asghar

Yusof

Mokhtar

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant and nutritional properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap with other natural sources of sugar such as sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Coconut sap and juice from sugar palm and sugarcane were analyzed for proximate composition, pH and total soluble solid (TSS), color, sugar profile, vitamin profile, antioxidant properties (total phenolic contents, DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS), and mineral content. The results indicated that coconut sap possesses high DPPH (23.42%), FRAP (2.09 mM/ml), and ABTS (21.85%) compared with the juices. Coconut sap also had high vitamin C (116.19 µg/ml) and ash (0.27%) contents, especially in potassium (960.87 mg/L) and sodium (183.21 mg/L) which also indicating high content of minerals. These properties showed that coconut sap could be served as a potential healthier sugar source compared with sugar palm and sugarcane juices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties

Asghar

Yusof

Mokhtar

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Rapid urbanization and industrial development over the last four decades have resulted in some serious concerns about water bodies, particularly in megacities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. For a long time, urban rivers have been associated with pollution because of the practice of discharging untreated domestic and industrial waste into rivers [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Footprint of Megacities on River Sediments: A Case Study of the Fourth Most Populous Area in India, Chennai

et al. 2019

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An intensive surface sediment survey was carried out over 24 locations from the upstream to downstream sections of two large rivers (Adyar and Cooum) in Chennai (India) during the February dry season of 2015. Trace element concentrations were assessed on a <63 µm fraction using the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and the newly proposed Geochemical Urban Footprint Index (GUFI), which can be performed to determine the pollution status of any megacity river influenced by urban development. The sediment quality of Chennai’s rivers was also compared to worldwide megacity pollution using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and a new megacity pollution ranking was determined. The Igeo results indicate that the Chennai rivers studied are strongly to extremely polluted regarding trace element content of sediment. Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) are the most significant tracers of urban contamination. Chromium (Cr) concentrations show an industrial contamination gradient in relation to levels of other trace elements (As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) at the Chennai megacity scale. The GUFI ranges from moderate to extreme contamination, particularly in the downstream stretches of the two rivers. This spatial trend is related to various point sources and identified at specific sampling stations, with a lack of identifiable buffer zones. According to the worldwide comparison of megacity pollution, Chennai is ranked in fifth position. The present position can be attributed to a number of explanations: a population explosion associated with the unplanned growth of the city and non-controlled point sources of pollution in Chennai’s waterways.

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“…The environmental pollution contamination and human exposure result mainly from anthropogenic activities such as mining and smelting operations, industrial production and use, domestic and agricultural use of metals and metal-containing compounds, or road traffic emissions and deposition of dust and aerosols (Lee et al 2006; Kachenko and Singh 2006;Shafie et al 2014). In the last decades, there has been an increased ecological and global public health concern associated with environmental contamination by heavy metals, related with their toxicity and their inter-relation and association with metalloids but also their reactivity and oral bioaccessibility (Manta et al 2002;Guo et al 2012;Tchounwou et al 2012;Rodrigues et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal and PCB spatial distribution pattern in sediments within an urban catchment—contribution of historical pollution sources

et al. 2016

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Purpose This work analyzes polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and heavy metal contamination in fluvial sediments and soils in an urban catchment, according to the geo-accumulation index and to soil and sediment quality guidelines. The catchment is located in Coimbra, Portugal, being affected by frequent flooding, and its main stream is a tributary to one of the major rivers in Portugal (Mondego). Given the presence of industrial activities over time, some inputs of pollutants are expected, but so far, the legacy of historic pollution in this catchment has not yet been investigated. Materials and methods Twenty-five samples were collected from nine sampling sites at the depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm (to provide a historic perspective) along longitudinal profiles (streamlines) and in soils downstream of pollution sources. These samples were analyzed for six heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni), organic carbon, pH and ten PCBs (IUPAC numbers 28, 30, 52, 101, 138, 153, 166, 180, 204, 209). Results and discussion Total PCB concentrations ranged 0.47-5.3 ng g −1 dry weight (dw), and levels increase from the bottom to the top layers, suggesting an increased input over the last 100 years. PCB congener distribution shows the dominance of hexachlorobiphenyls, especially PCB138, suggesting the existence of local sources. PCB levels did not exceed sediment quality levels, placing sediments/soil under class 1 (not contaminated) or class 2 (trace contamination) with respect to PCB. All six metals exceeded the lowest effect level for sediment quality criteria, and three (Cd, Pb and Zn) largely exceeded the clean levels for dredged materials, placing sediments in class 5 (heavily contaminated). Sampling site S1 presented the highest concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd, and historic vehicle traffic was identified as the most likely source, given the vertical and horizontal profiles.Conclusions High levels of Pb, Cd and Zn were found in fluvial sediments at some locations of the Loreto catchment, likely from historic traffic sources. This urban area is frequently affected by flooding events and is currently being subject to urban redevelopment. During these events/actions, historic pollutants in the sediments might surface and be redistributed, impacting the downstream ecosystem of the major Mondego River or increasing the risk of exposure of the urban population.

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Geoaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the urban river sediment

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties

Geochemical Footprint of Megacities on River Sediments: A Case Study of the Fourth Most Populous Area in India, Chennai

Heavy metal and PCB spatial distribution pattern in sediments within an urban catchment—contribution of historical pollution sources

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