Geo-Wiki.Org: The Use of Crowdsourcing to Improve Global Land Cover

Fritz, Steffen; McCallum, Ian; Schill, C.; Perger, Christoph; Grillmayer, Roland; Achard, Frédéric; Kraxner, Florian; Obersteiner, Michael

doi:10.3390/rs1030345

Cited by 306 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The weaknesses of current land-cover datasets with respect to cropland identification are slowly being rectified through evaluation and harmonization of different datasets in different situations (see ref. 25, for example). The irrigated areas are based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Aquastat map version 4.0.1 (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics

Thornton

Herrero

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

286

159

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We estimate the potential reductions in methane and carbon dioxide emissions from several livestock and pasture management options in the mixed and rangeland-based production systems in the tropics. The impacts of adoption of improved pastures, intensifying ruminant diets, changes in land-use practices, and changing breeds of large ruminants on the production of methane and carbon dioxide are calculated for two levels of adoption: complete adoption, to estimate the upper limit to reductions in these greenhouse gases (GHGs), and optimistic but plausible adoption rates taken from the literature, where these exist. Results are expressed both in GHG per ton of livestock product and in Gt CO 2 -eq. We estimate that the maximum mitigation potential of these options in the land-based livestock systems in the tropics amounts to approximately 7% of the global agricultural mitigation potential to 2030. Using historical adoption rates from the literature, the plausible mitigation potential of these options could contribute approximately 4% of global agricultural GHG mitigation. This could be worth on the order of $1.3 billion per year at a price of $20 per t CO 2 -eq. The household-level and sociocultural impacts of some of these options warrant further study, however, because livestock have multiple roles in tropical systems that often go far beyond their productive utility.L ivestock are a global resource that provide substantial benefits to society, including food, income, soil nutrients, employment, a means of insurance and risk spreading, traction, and clothing. In the process, livestock use a large amount of natural resources: for example, livestock systems occupy approximately 30% of the planet's ice-free terrestrial surface area and account for 8% of the total use of fresh water (1). The demand for livestock products in developing countries will nearly double by 2050 as a result of human population increases, urbanization, and increasing incomes. Can future demand for livestock products be met in a sustainable way, and will future livestock production have poverty alleviation benefits? Many tradeoffs exist, competing demands for natural resources will intensify, and it will be a challenge to balance livestock production, livelihoods, and environmental protection (2).At the same time, climate change will have significant negative impacts on livestock production systems (3, 4), particularly in the drier rangeland systems of the tropics. However, livestock are also a large contributor to the climate change problem (5). By some estimates they contribute 18% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (1). The main sources and types of greenhouse gases from livestock systems are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from land use and its changes (feed production, deforestation), which accounts for 32% of emissions from livestock; nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from manure and slurry management, which accounts for 31%; and methane (CH 4 ) production from ruminants, which accounts for 25% of emissions.Livestock systems will need to ad...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics

Thornton

Herrero

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

286

159

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“…However, new approaches such as crowdsourcing (citizen observatories) have indicated that the collection of large collections of ground information is now feasible (Schuurman 2009;Heipke 2010;Goodchild 2007). Recent efforts have shown the potential to use citizen observed data to validate land cover maps (Iwao et al 2006;Fritz et al 2009). Similar efforts have the potential to provide the input to enhance our characterization of landscape structure information at larger scales.…”

Section: Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

The representation of landscapes in global scale assessments of environmental change

Verburg¹,

Asselen²,

Zanden³

et al. 2012

Landscape Ecol

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Landscape ecology has provided valuable insights in the relations between spatial structure and the functioning of landscapes. However, in most global scale environmental assessments the representation of landscapes is reduced to the dominant land cover within a 0.5 degree pixel, disregarding the insights about the role of structure, pattern and composition for the functioning of the landscape. This paper discusses the contributions landscape ecology can make to global scale environmental assessments. It proposes new directions for representing landscape characteristics at broad spatial scales. A contribution of landscape ecologists to the representation of landscape characteristics in global scale assessments will foster improved information and assessments for the design of sustainable earth system governance strategies.

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“…However other studies such as Over et al (2010), Haklay (2010), Girres and Touya (2010) compares OSM very favourably, in terms of geometric accuracy, against road and street network databases from National Mapping Agencies and commercial sources. Fritz et al (2009) even suggest at using OSM and other crowd-sourced VGI as an alternative approach for "validating and calibrating global land cover".…”

Section: Overview Of Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using OSM for LBS – An Analysis of Changes to Attributes of Spatial Objects

Mooney

Corcoran

2012

Advances in Location-Based Services

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Abstract. The quality of volunteered and crowd-sourced spatial data is not in most cases audited prior to being made accessible to end-users. Studies have shown that this spatial data varies significantly in terms of its geometric quality, its semantic consistency, in terms of its comprehensiveness of coverage and in terms of its currency. Subsequently it often compares poorly with the authoritative data capture and mapping undertaken by national mapping agencies and commercial companies. In this paper we highlight a specific type of problem encountered with volunteered geographic information (VGI) -the naming of real-world features. Many Location-based Services (LBS) applications are using VGI as a spatial data source. The volatility in VGI, as shown by the results in this paper, will require LBS developers to carefully consider how they manage and use the spatial data sources generated by VGI and crowd-source paradigms.

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Geo-Wiki.Org: The Use of Crowdsourcing to Improve Global Land Cover

Cited by 306 publications

References 24 publications

Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics

Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics

The representation of landscapes in global scale assessments of environmental change

Using OSM for LBS – An Analysis of Changes to Attributes of Spatial Objects

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