Genuine Tripartite Entanglement and Nonlocality in Bose-Einstein Condensates by Collective Atomic Recoil

Abstract

We study a system represented by a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with a cavity field in presence of a strong off-resonant pumping laser. This system can be described by a three-mode Gaussian state, where two are the atomic modes corresponding to atoms populating upper and lower momentum sidebands and the third mode describes the scattered cavity field light. We show that, as a consequence of the collective atomic recoil instability, these modes possess a genuine tripartite entanglement that increases unboundedly with the evolution time and is larger than the bipartite entanglement in any reduced two-mode bipartition. We further show that the state of the system exhibits genuine tripartite nonlocality, which can be revealed by a robust violation of the Svetlichny inequality when performing displaced parity measurements. Our exact results are obtained by exploiting the powerful machinery of phase-space informational measures for Gaussian states, which we briefly review in the opening sections of the paper.

Theory of Genuine Tripartite Nonlocality of Gaussian States

“…An example of a nonsymmetric three-mode state which asymptotically reaches jS ∞ max j was provided in Ref. [36] for a driven BoseEinstein condensate in a ring cavity.…”

“…Recently, a prescription to extend the Svetlichny inequality to the continuous variable domain using these measurements has been proposed [27]. This formalism was, however, applied in the Gaussian setting only to sparse, specialized examples [22,26,27,36].…”