Genuine and drug-induced synesthesia: A comparison

Sinke, Christopher; Halpern, John H.; Zedler, Markus; Neufeld, Janina; Emrich, H. M.; Passie, Torsten

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.03.009

Cited by 51 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Third, it is plausible that drug-induced synaesthesia-like experiences are superficially similar to, but qualitatively distinct from, congenital synaesthesia and thus should not be expected to meet standard criteria for the latter. The present results are consistent with this interpretation and the related claim that the mechanisms and characteristics of drug-induced synaesthesia-like experiences are different from those of congenital synaesthesia (Deroy & Spence, 2013;Hubbard & Ramachandran, 2003;Sinke et al, 2012). This interpretation is perhaps further bolstered by the fact that participants were able to detect which condition they were in (see below) and yet still did not display response patterns similar to congenital synaesthetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, a systematic review of these studies revealed that they suffered from numerous methodological limitations including the absence of placebo controls and the failure to use established behavioural measures of different features of synaesthesia including automaticity, inducer specificity, and consistency of inducerconcurrent associations (Luke & Terhune, 2013). For these reasons, controversy persists as to whether these drug-induced experiences qualify as genuine synaesthesia (Deroy & Spence, 2013;Luke & Terhune, 2013;Sinke et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A placebo-controlled investigation of synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD

et al. 2016

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The induction of synaesthesia in non-synaesthetes has the potential to illuminate the mechanisms that contribute to the development of this condition and the shaping of its phenomenology. Previous research suggests that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reliably induces synaesthesia-like experiences in nonsynaesthetes. However, these studies suffer from a number of methodological limitations including lack of a placebo control and the absence of rigorous measures used to test established criteria for genuine synaesthesia. Here we report a pilot study that aimed to circumvent these limitations. We conducted a within-groups placebo-controlled investigation of the impact of LSD on colour experiences in response to standardized graphemes and sounds and the consistency and specificity of grapheme-and sound-colour associations. Participants reported more spontaneous synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD, relative to placebo, but did not differ across conditions in colour experiences in response to inducers, consistency of stimulus-colour associations, or in inducer specificity. Further analyses suggest that individual differences in a number of these effects were associated with the propensity to experience states of absorption in one's daily life. Although preliminary, the present study suggests that LSD-induced synaesthesia-like experiences do not exhibit consistency or inducer-specificity and thus do not meet two widely established criteria for genuine synaesthesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A placebo-controlled investigation of synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD

et al. 2016

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“…Three types of synesthesia -developmental, acquired, and induced -have been recognized (Grossenbacher and Lovelace, 2001;Sinke et al, 2012). Developmental synesthesias are lifelong experiences and subjects remember them back to their childhood.…”

Section: Types Of Synesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Induced synesthesias are transient phenomena and are experienced temporarily in the setting of sensory deprivation or acute intoxication. Sinke et al (2012) have reviewed the phenomenologic differences between the different types of synesthesia. Some of these are discussed below.…”

Section: Types Of Synesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory synesthesias

Afra

2015

The Human Auditory System - Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders

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“…perceptions in the absence of external stimuli), illusions (i.e. perceptual distortion of normal environmental stimuli), and 'pseudo-hallucinations' (hallucinations recognized by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli) [113][114][115], together with intense emotional responses and thoughts that may influence the human psyche [116].…”

Section: Clinical and Adverse Effects Of Synthetic Hallucinogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake

Schifano

Orsolini

Papanti

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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Over the last decade, the 'traditional' drug scene has been supplemented - but not replaced - by the emergence of a range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), which are either newly created or existing drugs, including medications, now being used in novel ways. By the end of 2014, in excess of 500 NPS had been reported by a large number of countries in the world. Most recent data show, however, that synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, and psychedelics/phenethylamines account for the largest number of NPS.The present chapter aims at providing an overview of the clinical and pharmacological issues relating to these most popular NPS categories. Given the vast range of medical and psychopathological issues associated with the molecules here described, it is crucial for health professionals to be aware of the effects and toxicity of NPS. A general overview of the acute management of NPS adverse events is provided as well, although further studies are required to identify a range of evidence-based, index molecule-focused, treatment strategies. The rapid pace of change in the NPS online market constitutes a major challenge to the provision of current and reliable scientific knowledge on these substances.

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Genuine and drug-induced synesthesia: A comparison

Cited by 51 publications

References 107 publications

A placebo-controlled investigation of synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD

A placebo-controlled investigation of synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD

Auditory synesthesias

NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake

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