Gentamicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Improve Its Therapeutic Effects on Brucella-Infected J774A.1 Murine Cells

Abstract

Background: Final elimination of some intracellular bacterial agents, such as Brucella, is often a complex issue and impossible to achieve, primarily due to the presence and survival of the bacteria within phagocytic cells. By penetrating into the cell membrane, drug delivery nanosystems can reduce the number of intracellular bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles on the delivery of gentamicin into Brucella infected J774A.1 murine cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using ionic gelation technique. The shape, size and charge of NPs, loading rate and release of the drug were investigated. Finally, the effects of gentamicin-loaded chitosan NPs (Gen-Cs) and free gentamicin on J774A.1 murine cells infected with these bacteria were examined. Results: The mean size and charge of NPs were computed as 100 nm and +28mV, respectively. The loading capacity of NPs was 22%. About 70% of the drug was released from NPs during the first 8 hours. Antimicrobial activity of the two formulations showed that MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the Gen-Cs and free drug was 3.1 and 6.25 µg, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the NPs-loaded drug and free drug was 6.25 and 12.5 µg, respectively. Cell culture analysis revealed that there was a significant reduction in the load of the intercellular bacteria in J774A.1 murine cells in both formulations. Conclusion: Our results showed the Gen-Cs have a proper potential for optimal treatment of intracellular bacterial agents. [GMJ.2019;8:e1296]

Gentamicin–Ascorbic Acid Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Minimized Cytotoxicity

“…Moreover, GM–AA–CSNPs showed prolonged release profiles over 60 h, allowing the release of 41%, 62%, or 80% of loaded drugs at pH 5, 6.4, and 7.5, respectively, which may provide a high blood concentration of GM and AA in vivo. Previous studies support our findings [ 15 , 30 ]. Interestingly, the infected wounds and bacterial infection-associated inflammation have acidic pH values [ 31 ].…”

“…Chitosan nanoparticles were formulated, as described in our previous work, by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) (0.1%, v / v ) as a cross-linker [ 15 ]. In brief, a solution of chitosan (CS) of 200 mg in 100 mL acetic acid (2%, v / v ) was prepared.…”

“…Several studies investigated the formulation of gentamicin-loaded nanoparticles based on PLGA [ 11 , 12 ], CaCO 3 [ 13 ], Polylactide-co-glycolide-co-Polyethylenglycol (PLGA-PEG) blends [ 14 ], and chitosan [ 15 ]. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the combined antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of GA and AA.…”

Evaluation of the Potential of Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Delivery Vehicle for Gentamicin for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis

“…CG0.5 and CG1 release around 90% of their payload over seven days, while CG2 releases 57.44 ± 2.72%. Previous studies attempting to control gentamicin release achieved 70% release over 8 h, with complete release by 24 h [ 48 ].…”

Co-delivery of doxycycline and rifampicin using CdTe-labeled poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid for treatment of Brucella melitensis infection

“…Nanocarriers offer the potential for enhanced treatments by reducing drug buildup within cells and diminishing the necessary dosage and dosing frequency. Studies have indicated that nanoparticles can effectively prevent drug degradation while regulating drug delivery and encapsulation [ 22 – 24 ].…”