Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Yucatan, Mexico

Atienzar, Ana I Cubas; Hide, Geoff; Jiménez‐Coello, Matilde; Ortega-Pacheco, Antonio; Smith, Judith E.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.009

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The first of them (A/G, 159 position) is a type II strain SNP, while the second (A/G, 110 position) has been reported in sequences isolated from China (GenBank® KU599378, KU599384, KU599385, and KU599386); however, both sequences are new. The finding of sequences that carry unique SNPs in Mexico has also been reported in pigs from Yucatan: Cubas-Atienzar et al [ 15 ] found 18 different Alt. SAG2 sequences in addition to the I and III classic alleles in blood and muscle samples of 40 swine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Mixed infections due to T. gondii are demonstrated by PCR-RFLP when more than one restriction pattern is visualized and by sequencing when two peaks overlap due to different nucleotides at the same position [ 11 , 14 , 15 ]. However, one disadvantage of PCR-RFLP is that a maximum of three coinfections can be suspected when the restriction patterns of the three classic alleles are visualized for a given locus, just as we reported for the SAG3 marker in clinical samples from feral cats in Quintana Roo [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon has also been reported in one dog from Chiapas, where a recombinant sequence I × II was reported and it produced an atypical SAG3 allele [ 8 ]. Cubas-Atienzar et al [ 15 ] also reported I × II intragenic recombinants at Alt. SAG2 and SAG3 markers and one I × II × III at the GRA6 locus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SAG3 Toxoplasma gondii cloning reveals unexpected fivefold infection in the blood of feral cats in the Mexican Caribbean

et al. 2022

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Background Currently, more than 300 genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) have been described throughout the world, demonstrating its wide genetic diversity. The SAG3 locus is one of the genes included in the genotyping panel of this parasite. It is associated with its virulence since it participates during the invasion process of the host cells. Therefore, cloning, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were used to deepen the understanding of the SAG3 locus genetic diversity of T. gondii in blood samples from feral cats. Results Six different SAG3 sequences were detected, five of which were detected in one feline. Three sequences were first reported here; one of them was an intragenic recombinant. In the cladogram, four out of ten SAG3 sequences did not share nodes with others reported worldwide. Conclusions Cloning and sequencing of samples with more than one restriction pattern by PCR-RFLP were very helpful tools to demonstrate the presence of more than three genotypes of T. gondii in the blood of feral cats from southeastern Mexico. This suggests a potential mixed infection of multiple T. gondii strains and high genetic diversity of the parasites in felines in this tropical region of Mexico.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SAG3 Toxoplasma gondii cloning reveals unexpected fivefold infection in the blood of feral cats in the Mexican Caribbean

et al. 2022

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“…In México, the presence of more than one strain in a given host has become rather common, because it has been described in animals from neo-tropical regions of México, i.e. in feral cats from Quintana Roo, stray dogs from Chiapas and pigs from Yucatán ( Cubas-Atienzar et al, 2018 ; Valenzuela-Moreno et al, 2019 , 2020 ). However, this phenomenon is not exclusive to those regions, since in human congenital cases from the Valley of Mexico, and now in mouflons from Puebla (both neo-artic regions) we have found mixed infections as well ( Rico-Torres et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in European mouflons (Ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from Puebla, México

Valenzuela-Moreno

Cedillo-Peláez

Rico-Torres

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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The presence of Toxoplasma gondii in zoos is cause of alert because many susceptible species kept in captivity die of clinical toxoplasmosis. Moreover, excretion of T. gondii oocysts by infected captive wild felines into the facilities could pose a risk to workers. Herbivores in wild collections can serve as sentinels of local transmission, since they get infected by the consumption of oocysts present in ground or water. Both herbivores and felids may reveal the parasite variants which are circulating in the region. We determined the seroprevalence of T. gondii in European mouflons (n = 55) and wild felines (n = 15) from a private zoological collection located in the Eastern region of México, as well as the incidence in 41 of the mouflons using ELISA. The prevalence of T. gondii in mouflons was 14.5% (n = 55) and 17.1% (n = 41) in 2011 and 19.5% in 2012. The estimated incidence was 9.8%–12.2%. In wild felines the frequency was 80%. Four sero-positive animals (two mouflons and the two oldest African lions) were euthanized. Histopathology, conventional PCR (for B1 and SeqRep529 loci) and molecular characterization were carried out. All euthanized animals were positive to T. gondii by PCR. We identified a triple infection (I + II + III) in the brain of a mouflon. In conclusion, a high infective pressure of T. gondii in the collection was found, supported by changes in its prevalence in European mouflons. A high prevalence of infection in wild felines was determined. At least four genotypes of T. gondii are present in herbivores and carnivores, and one mouflon had a mixed infection.

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“…The attempt to pinpoint the organs and meat cuts most likely to contain significant numbers of tissue cysts and which present the highest risk for the consumer is important. In fact, T. gondii cysts were detected in most examined tissues of pigs intended for human consumption, including the heart, diaphragm, brain, liver, tongue, masseter muscle and raw ham (Paraboni et al, 2020;Miura et al, 2019;Paştiu et al, 2019;Cubas-Atienzar et al, 2018;Vergara et al, 2018;Kuruca et al, 2017;Franco-Hernandez et al, 2016;Hernández-Cortazar et al, 2016;Herrero et al, 2016;Cademartori et al, 2014;Dubey et al, 2012), and the parasite was even isolated from the blood of market-weight pigs (Klun et al, 2011).…”

Section: Raw Pork -Risky Cutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in pork & pork products - too much on our plate?

Klun

Djurković–Djaković

2021

VET GLASNIK

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Background. The constant growth of the global population has led to increasing food production, which has been particularly evident in the production of pork in recent years. In 2015, the number of pigs surpassed one billion, and in 2018 a record high of 120 million tonnes of pork was produced worldwide. In spite of the expansion and dominance of specialized industrial farming in developed countries, Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs as a source of human infection remains an issue in traditional smallscale farming. The disease burden of toxoplasmosis is estimated to be the highest of all parasitic infections and even higher than that of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis. Scope and Approach. This paper reviews the latest research on T. gondii-contaminated pork and pork products, published in the past decade. As current methods do not allow for practical and cost-effective detection of T. gondii at slaughter, efforts towards safe meat have focused on the detection of the parasite in pork and ready-to-eat pork products and on post-harvest mitigation measures. Key Findings and Conclusions. In contrast to recommendations for preventing Trichinella infection, there are no globally applicable standardised and validated inactivation procedures for rendering T. gondii infected pork/pork products safe for consumers. Moreover, there are no EU regulations in place for the prevention of T. gondii infection by consumption of pork and pork products. Recommended actions, both at the producer and consumer levels, include post-harvest processing such as cooking, freezing, and proper salting/curing.

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Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Yucatan, Mexico

Abstract: Ti t l e G e n o ty pi n g of Toxo pl a s m a g o n dii fro m pi g s in Yuc a t a n, M exic o

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

SAG3 Toxoplasma gondii cloning reveals unexpected fivefold infection in the blood of feral cats in the Mexican Caribbean

SAG3 Toxoplasma gondii cloning reveals unexpected fivefold infection in the blood of feral cats in the Mexican Caribbean

Toxoplasma gondii infection in European mouflons (Ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from Puebla, México

Toxoplasma gondii in pork & pork products - too much on our plate?

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