Genotyping of Torque Teno Virus among Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Diyala Governorate

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are a persistent global problem; several types of pathogens associated with this disease Torque Teno Virus is a possible cause that can affect all ages and affect women more than men due to anatomy and physiological functions. Objectives: To determine the infection rate and genotypes of Torque Teno Virus among women with urinary tract infection and study the correlation between Torque Teno Virus infection and different parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data obtained from women with urinary tract infections (50 pregnant women and 50 non-pregnant women). Urine samples were collected for microscopic and macroscopic examination, bacterial culture, DNA extraction, followed by amplification with specific primers by a nested polymerase chain reaction for phylogenic analysis. Results: Out of 100 samples, eight samples were positive for Torque Teno Virus (8%). The infection rate of Torque Teno Virus was more common (75%) in the age group (31-47) years with statistical significance. Three cases (37.5%) of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 cases (25%) of each of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, and 1(12.5%) Enterococcus fecalis showed co-infection with positive Torque Teno Virus cases. The phylogenetic analysis results for Torque Teno Virus DNA isolated from urine samples revealed that all local isolates (8 isolates) belong to type 1 and 2. According to the closest, the phylogenetic tree results analysis showed the local isolate (No. 6 ) clustered with the reference isolates (Egypt, USA, England, Australia and Saudi Arabia). Isolate (No.1) showed was close to Italian and Brazilian isolates, while isolates number (2 and 5), (3 and 7), and (4 and 8) are very closely related to each other and closed to isolates from Iran. Conclusion: The genotyping analysis of Torque Teno Virus among women with UTI in Diyala Governorate found that all isolates in the studied group belong to TTV genotypes 1 and 2, local isolate (No. 6) was close to isolates from different regions such as Egypt, USA, England, Australia and Saudi Arabia, local isolate (No. 1) was close to Italian and Brazilian isolates. Moreover, the other six isolates were closed to Iranian isolates.