Genotyping of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian hemodialysis patients without hepatitis C virus infection

Esmail, Mona Abdel Monem; Mahdi, Wafaa K.M.; Khairy, Rasha; Abdalla, Nilly Helmy

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2015.11.018

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, genotypes B and C were initially identified in other regions of the world, such as Asia, Australia, Greenland, and Canada[ 35 ]. However, they have been found in Africa as well, specifically in Egypt[ 40 - 43 ] and Ethiopia[ 44 ]. The geographic distribution of HBV genotypes is associated with distinct modes of HBV transmission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

Bazie,

Sanou,

Djigma

et al. 2024

World J Hepatol

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BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a globally prevalent infection, with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a particular geographic region, including Africa. OBI can be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The associated HBV genotype influences the infection. AIM To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in Africa. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in Africa. RESULTS The synthesis included 83 articles, revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups, with the highest prevalence being 90.9% in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38% in blood donors, indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusions. Cases of OBI reactivation have been reported following chemotherapy. Genotype D is the predominant, followed by genotypes A and E. CONCLUSION This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa, which varies across countries and population groups. The study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

Bazie,

Sanou,

Djigma

et al. 2024

World J Hepatol

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“…The majority of reports (7/10) reported that genotype D predominated. However, Esmail et al, Zaki et al, and Elmaghloub et al, reported that genotypes B, E, and C were the most prevalent, [ 20 , 21 , 64 ] (Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Azzam,

Khaled,

El-kayal

et al. 2023

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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Background Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a major public health problem. The clinical importance of OBI stems from the fact that it can be transmitted to healthy individuals at extremely low viral load levels. Additionally, immunosuppression has the potential to trigger viral replication, which can result in life-threatening liver decompensation. Despite several studies examining the prevalence of OBI, the pooled prevalence of OBI in Egypt remains unknown, particularly among blood donors and high-risk individuals, to whom intervention should be targeted. Methods A comprehensive literature search of the following databases was conducted from inception to October 2022 using the following keywords: occult hepatitis B virus infection or occult HBV infection or OBI and Egypt in MEDLINE [PubMed], Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. I-squared and Cochran’s Q were used to measure the heterogeneity between the studies, and based on the random effects model, results were reported as proportions (%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Analyses of subgroup analyses were conducted based on the target population. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the leave-one-out approach to test the robustness of the results. Results A total of 50 studies with 62 estimations of OBI were included, 19 in patients who were HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive and 43 in patients who were HBsAg-negative. The highest prevalence (41%) was among multi-transfused patients according to studies that report occult hepatitis B virus prevalence in an HBsAg-negative population, while the pooled prevalence of OBI among patients on hemodialysis, patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and patients with liver cirrhosis was 17%, 10%, 24%, and 13%, respectively. On the other hand, among studies that report OBI prevalence in HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive individuals, the pooled prevalence of OBI among blood donors, patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, and patients with HCC was 12%, 15%, and 31%, respectively. Also, the majority of studies examining the genetic background of OBI have found that genotype D is the most prevalent. Conclusion This study highlights the high prevalence in OBI among blood donors and high-risk populations in Egypt. The implementation of HBV nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) may increase the safety of blood transfusions by excluding all HBV DNA-positive donations. However, the cost-effectiveness of these tests should be investigated.

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“…High frequencies of OBI have been detected among different high-risk populations in Egypt, including blood donors, and patients with chronic hepatitis C, haemodialysis, polytransfusion and haematological and solid malignancies (9). HBV genotypes B-D have been detected among Egyptian OBI patients (9,10). In this study we aimed to clarify the overall prevalence of OBI among Egyptian HCWs.…”

Section: ‫مرص‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫جمال‬ ‫يف‬ ‫العاملني‬ ‫بني‬ ‫mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult hepatitis B infection in Egyptian health care workers

Elmaghloub¹,

Didamony²,

Hashim³

et al. 2017

East Mediterr Health J

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We tested the frequency of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among Egyptian healthcare workers (HCWs). We tested 132 HCWs for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) by ELISA. HCV RNA was measured by nested PCR in anti-HCV-positive HCWs. HBV-DNA-positive HCWs were subjected to HBV genotyping. We included 132 HCWs who were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and positive for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). OBI was detected in 7 male HCWs, and HBV E genotype was detected in 3, HBV D in 2 and HBV D and E in 2. Two OBI-positive HCWs had a history of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. Anti-HCV seropositivity was detected in 17 HCWs who were positive for anti-HBc; 15 of whom were positive for HCV RNA by nested PCR. HCV infection was confirmed by anti-HCV and HCV RNA in 1 of 7 HCWs with OBI. In conclusion, Egyptian HCWs have a significant rate of OBI and HBV E genotype is prevalent. ‫مرص‬

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Genotyping of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian hemodialysis patients without hepatitis C virus infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Occult hepatitis B infection in Egyptian health care workers

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