Genotyping of human rhinovirus in adult patients with acute respiratory infections identified predominant infections of genotype A21

Abstract

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is an important causative agent of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). The roles of specific HRV genotypes in patients suffering from ARTIs have not been well established. We recruited 147 adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 291 adult outpatients with upper ARTIs (URTIs). Respiratory pathogens were screened via PCR assays. HRV was detected in 42 patients, with 35 species A, five B and two C. Seventeen genotypes were identified, and HRV-A21 ranked the highest (9/42, 21.4%). The HRV-A21-positive infections were detected in four patients with CAP and in five with URTIs, all without co-infections. The HRV-A21 genome sequenced in this study contained 12 novel coding polymorphisms in viral protein (VP) 1, VP2 EF loop, VP3 knob and 3D regions. The infections of HRV-A21 virus obtained in this study could not be neutralized by antiserum of HRV-A21 prototype strain (VR-1131), indicating remarkable antigenic variation. Metagenomic analysis showed the HRV-A21 reads were dominant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the three HRV-A21-positive patients with severe CAP, in which two dead. Our results highlight an unexpected infection of genotype HRV-A21 in the clinic, indicating the necessity of precise genotyping and surveillance of HRVs to improve the clinical management of ARTIs.

Molecular epidemiology and clinical impact of rhinovirus infections in adults during three epidemic seasons in 11 European countries (2007–2010)

“…[12][13][14] More recently similar clinical presentations across species have been reported. [15][16][17][18] Despite the high morbidity and disease burden of RV infections, there are currently no effective and safe antiviral treatments, and efforts to develop an effective vaccine have been hampered by the substantial antigenic diversity between RV types and species. A more practical approach could be the development of vaccines targeting more prevalent or pathogenic RV types although the feasibility of this depends on whether particular RV species or types are associated with more frequent or severe respiratory illness.…”

Human Rhinovirus Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping in Iranian Military Trainees with Acute Respiratory Symptoms

“…Screening HRVs, particularly in severe cases of RTIs, may be accompanied with the detection of new emerging viral strains, endangering global health security. The precise detection of pathogens in the clinical setting is critical for early interventions and avoiding disease propagation (13,14). Pneumonia is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, with nearly 120 million cases diagnosed each year (15).…”

Clinical features of rhinovirus infection in hospitalized adult patients during the epidemic season 2017–2018

“…Полученные нами данные свидетельствуют о значении РВ в этиологической структуре вирусных поражений респираторного тракта у взрослых. Они согласуются в части клинического течения с данными отечественных [5] и зарубежных авторов [6] и характеризуются выраженными интоксикационным и катаральным синдромами. У части больных отмечались бронхообструкция и осложненное течение, в том числе пневмония, требовавшая в ряде случаев применения интенсивной терапии, что свидетельствует о достаточно серьезных патологических процессах, протекающих при данной инфекции.…”

“…По данным, полученным в Московском регионе, у 78% детей с РВ-инфекцией наблюдалось тяжелое течение заболевания, потребовавшее госпитализации [5]. По данным пекинских авторов, РВ-инфекция диагностировалась методом ПЦР промывных вод бронхов у 10% взрослых больных с поражением разных отделов респираторного тракта, причем в 83% случаев определялся тип А, клинически наиболее тяжело протекал тип А21, при котором 2 пациента с тяжелой пневмонией скончались [6]. Все чаще сообщается об этих вирусах как причинах обострения бронхиальной астмы [7] и развития хронической обструктивной болезни легких [8].…”