Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Hainan Province: High genetic diversity and zoonotic potential

Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Huanhuan; Jin, Hairong; Sun, Lijie; Li, Pingyung; Liu, Meicen; Qiu, Mingyan; Xu, Li; Li, Feiyang; T, Ma; Wang, Shanshan; Yin, Feifei; Li, Lihua; Cui, Xing; Chan, Jasper Fuk‐Woo; Lü, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105211

Cited by 19 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is conceivable that if sufficient isolates are sequenced, all nucleotides in the ITS could be polymorphic [4]. Meanwhile, although the ITS region is 243 bp in length for the majority of E. bieneusi genotypes, length variations of the ITS region of rDNA of E. bieneusi have been identified in five genotypes, with one or two nucleotide deletions (241 bp or 242 bp) [52,53], and three genotypes with a single nucleotide insertion (244 bp) in the ITS region [52,60]. It was observed that there were 244 bp in the ITS region of genotype HNP-I.…”

Section: Nucleotide At Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, the pig industry is a major economic component in which humans and pigs live in crowded conditions, and the disease can be easily spread with a potentially major impact on the economy [57]. Hainan Province is a relatively isolated island, where E. bieneusi is prevalent in multiple animals including farmed and wild animals [60,61]; moreover, it has been found in humans with diarrhea (unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2020

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic fungal pathogen with a high degree of host diversity that can parasitize many animals, including humans. Pigs may play an important role in the epidemiology of E. bieneusi as reservoir hosts. Nevertheless, the genotypes of E. bieneusi in pigs in China remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection amongst pigs raised on farms from four cities of Hainan Province, using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene, and to identify genotypes of E. bieneusi isolates based on sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Among 188 stool samples, E. bieneusi was detected in 46.8% (88/188). Eight genotypes including four known (EbpA, CS-4, MJ14, and CHG19) and four novel (HNP-I -HNP-IV) genotypes were identified. Using phylogenetic analysis, genotypes EbpA, CS4, CHG19, HNP-III, and HNP-IV were clustered into zoonotic Group 1, while the remaining three genotypes (MJ14, HNP-I, and HNP-II) clustered into Group 10. The high prevalence of zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi among pigs suggests that pig farming is a potential source of human infection. Additionally, this is the first identification of genotypes in Group 10 in pigs indicating unique epidemic features of E. bieneusi in pigs in Hainan Province, the southernmost part of China.

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Section: Nucleotide At Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2020

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“…These genotypes were grouped into 11 genetically isolated clusters by phylogenetic analysis [5]. Group 1 is the largest group containing more than 300 genotypes, including 87.6% (132/142) human-pathogenic genotypes [5,10]; 85.7% (42/49) zoonotic genotypes also belong to this group [5,9]. In Group 2, up to 100 genotypes are considered to be adapted to ruminants; however, contrary to previous reports, a broader host range was indicated for some genotypes, such as genotypes I, J, BEB6, BEB4 and CHN3 that are also commonly found in humans, enhancing their importance for public health [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies involved five provinces with infection rates ranging from 3.6% to 35.1% [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In Hainan Province in China there is a high number of rodents that are in close contact with humans and other animals and there is a high prevalence of E. bieneusi in farmed, household, and wild animals [8,9,26,27]. Thus, it is necessary to understand E. bieneusi epidemiology in rodents to prevent pathogen infection in humans as well as in other animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, genetic diversity and implications for public health of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in various rodents from Hainan Province, China

et al. 2020

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Background: Rodents, globally overpopulated, are an important source for zoonotic disease transmission to humans, including Enterocytozoon bieneusi (one of the most prevalent zoonotic pathogens). Here, we studied the prevalence and performed genetic analyses of E. bieneusi in rodents from the Hainan Province of China. Methods: A total of 603 fresh fecal samples were gathered from 369 wild rats, 117 bamboo rats, 93 Asiatic brushtailed porcupine and 24 red-bellied squirrels. The wild rats were identified to the species level by amplification of a 421-bp region of the cytb gene from fecal DNA using PCR. Genotype analysis was performed by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of E. bieneusi using PCR. Results: Seven wild rat species were identified. The average rate of infection with E. bieneusi was 15.8% (95/603) with 18.7% (69/369) in wild rats, 11.9% (25/210) in farmed rodents and 4.2% (1/24) in red-bellied squirrels. Sixteen E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, including 9 known genotypes (D, Type IV, PigEBITS7, Peru8, Peru11, ESH02, S7, EbpA and CHG5), and 7 novel genotypes (HNR-I to HNR-VII). Genotype D (44.2%, 42/95) predominated, followed by PigEBITS7 (20.0%, 19/95), HNR-VII (15.8%, 15/95), Type IV (5.3%, 5/95), HNR-III (2.1%, 2/95), HNR-VI (2.1%, 2/95) and each of the remaining 10 genotypes (1.1%, 1/95). The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region of E. bieneusi divided the identified genotypes into the following four groups: Group 1 (n = 13), Group 2 (n = 1), Group 12 (n = 1), and the novel Group 13 (n = 1). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of E. bieneusi in rodents from Hainan, China. The zoonotic potential of the identified E. bieneusi genotypes suggested that the rodents poses a serious threat to the local inhabitants. Thus, measures need to be taken to control the population of wild rats in the areas investigated in this study, along with identification of safe methods for disposal of farmed rodent feces. Additionally, the local people should be made aware of the risk of disease transmission from rodents to humans.

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“…At least 106 genotypes have been found in humans, with 46 of them detected in animals [14]. Groups 1 and 2 are zoonotic in nature and mostly composed of genotypes that spread in human and animal hosts [15]. To better understand the epidemiology of E. bieneusi and assess the role of animals in its transmission to humans, molecular epidemiological studies should be conducted for genotyping E. bieneusi isolates from under-sampled animal hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) and Alashan ground squirrels (Spermophilus alashanicus) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA) of Gansu Province, China

Wang

Jing

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently detected microsporidian species in humans and animals. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, no information on E. bieneusi infection in Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) and Alashan ground squirrels (Spermophilus alashanicus) is available worldwide. The aim of the present study was to understand the occurrence and genetic characterizations of E. bieneusi in Himalayan marmots and Alashan ground squirrels in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA), Gansu Province, China. Methods: A total of 498 intestinal contents were collected from 399 Himalayan marmots and 99 Alashan ground squirrels in QTPA. These samples were screened for the presence of E. bieneusi by using nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The ITS-positive sequences were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the genotypes of E. bieneusi. Results: The average infection rate of E. bieneusi was 10.0% (50/498), with 11.8% (47/399) in Himalayan marmots and 3.0% (3/99) in Alashan ground squirrels. A total of 7 distinct E. bieneusi genotypes were confirmed: 1 known genotype, YAK1 (n = 18) and 6 novel genotypes, named as ZY37 (n = 27), HN39 (n = 1), HN96 (n = 1), SN45 (n = 1), XH47 (n = 1) and ZY83 (n = 1). All the genotypes obtained in the present study were classified into group 1. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in Himalayan marmots and Alashan ground squirrels in China. The identification of genotype YAK1 in the two rodent species expanded the host range of this genotype. All the seven genotypes were clustered into zoonotic group 1, suggesting that these animal species can be potential epidemiological vectors of zoonotic microsporidiosis caused by E. bieneusi and pose a threat to ecological security. It is necessary to strengthen management practices and surveillance in the investigated areas to reduce the risk of E. bieneusi infection from the two rodent species to humans.

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Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Hainan Province: High genetic diversity and zoonotic potential

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

Prevalence, genetic diversity and implications for public health of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in various rodents from Hainan Province, China

Identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) and Alashan ground squirrels (Spermophilus alashanicus) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA) of Gansu Province, China

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