Genotyping North American Animal <i>Mycobacterium Bovis</i> Isolates Using Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Martinez, Lorene; Harris, Beth; Black, William C.; Meyer, R; Brennan, Patrick J.; Vissa, Varalakshmi; Jones, Robert L.

doi:10.1177/104063870802000601

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The allelic (17). In this study VNTR 1895 had the highest allelic diversity of the six loci, in contrast to previous studies (2,13,17). There are other VNTR loci that have proved useful for discrimination of M. bovis strains that were not evaluated in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…In a study of seven VNTR loci in Northern Ireland, VNTR 3232 produced the greatest resolution of M. bovis stains (21). However, difficulties with the reproducibility of typing VNTR 3232 have been reported (2,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are other VNTR loci that have proved useful for discrimination of M. bovis strains that were not evaluated in this study. ETR B (VNTR 2461) produced good resolution of M. bovis strains in a number of studies (2,10,13,21). In a study of seven VNTR loci in Northern Ireland, VNTR 3232 produced the greatest resolution of M. bovis stains (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Spoligotyping for Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates and a Comparison with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing

McLernon¹,

Costello²,

Flynn³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Common strain typing methods for differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis isolates include restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, spoligotyping, and, more recently, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping were evaluated in this study, and these typing methods were compared with RFLP typing. A total of 386 M. bovis isolates from cattle, badgers, and deer in the Republic of Ireland that had previously been typed by IS6110, polymorphic GC-rich sequence (PGRS), and direct-repeat (DR) RFLP were included in the study. Spoligotyping and analysis of six VNTR loci (QUB 11a, QUB 11b, ETR A, 4052, MIRU 26, and 1895) were performed on the samples. RFLP analysis was the method that gave the greatest differentiation of strains, with a Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) of 0.927; the HGDI recorded for MIRU-VNTR typing was marginally lower at 0.918, and spoligotyping was the least discriminatory method, with an HGDI of 0.7. Spoligotype SB0140 represented approximately 50% of the isolates. Within the group of isolates represented by SB0140, there was a much lower level of concordance between RFLP and MIRU-VNTR typing than for groups represented by other spoligotypes. A combination of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing offered advantages over MIRU-VNTR typing alone. In a combined spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing protocol, the number of VNTR loci could be reduced to four (QUB 11a, QUB 11b, ETR A, and 4052) while maintaining a high level of strain differentiation.The development of molecular techniques for differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis isolates has been of considerable benefit in epidemiological studies. Typing methods that have been commonly used include restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, spoligotyping, and, more recently, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing (7,19).RFLP analysis of M. bovis isolates has commonly utilized polymorphism of the insertion sequence IS6110 and repetitive DNA elements such as the polymorphic GC-rich sequence (PGRS) and the direct-repeat (DR) region. Analysis of polymorphism of IS6110, the PGRS, and the DR region in combination has provided a high level of discrimination between strains (7, 19). REA has been widely used in New Zealand and has also given excellent resolution of strains (4). However, both RFLP analysis and REA require relatively large quantities of DNA and are laborious and time-consuming procedures. Complex banding patterns make analysis and interlaboratory comparisons difficult. Spoligotyping is a PCR-based typing method that reveals the presence or absence of unique spacer sequences located between the direct-repeat sequences of the DR region (12). It is a relatively easy procedure to perform, and the results can be expressed in a digital format. However, spoligotyping does not differentiate M. bovis strains t...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Spoligotyping for Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates and a Comparison with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing

McLernon¹,

Costello²,

Flynn³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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“…3 times higher) compared to multiple spacer deletion events. Additionally, eleven Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) loci, 0424, 0577, 1644 (MIRU16), 1955, 2165 (ETRA), 2401, 2461, 2687 (MIRU24), 2996 (MIRU26), 3192 (MIRU31), 4052 (QUB-26) (Martinez et al, 2008) were characterized and used to further define structure within spoligotype families. Each unique combination of spoligotype and VNTR profile was defined as a strain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States

Tsao

Robbe‐Austerman

Miller

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tDespite control and eradication efforts, bovine tuberculosis continues to be identified at low levels among cattle in the United States. We evaluated possible external sources of infection by characterizing the genetic relatedness of bovine tuberculosis from a national database of reported infections, comparing strains circulating among US cattle with those of imported cattle, and farmed and wild cervids.Farmed cervids maintained a genetically distinct Mycobacterium bovis strain, and cattle occasionally became infected with this strain. In contrast, wild cervids acted as an epidemiologically distinct group, instead hosting many of the same strains found in cattle, and the data did not show a clear transmission direction. Cattle from Mexico hosted a higher overall richness of strains than US cattle, and many of those strains were found in both US and Mexican cattle. However, these two populations appeared to be wellmixed with respect to their M. bovis lineages, and higher resolution data is necessary to infer the direction of recent transmission.Overall patterns of both host and geographic distributions were highly variable among strains, suggesting that different sources or transmission mechanisms are contributing to maintaining different strains.

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“…[14,16,18,20]. Actually, this assay has been widely applied to epidemiological studies at the local and global levels [10,13,23].…”

Section: Abortus B Canis B Ovis B Suis B Neotomae B Melitenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Comparison of Brucella canis Isolates by the MLVA Assay in South Korea

Kang

Heo

Cho

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) assay is a method frequently employed as a molecular epidemiological tool for Brucella genetic fingerprinting. The purpose of this study was to assess the genotyping of 77 B. canis isolates from 14 different dog breeding farms in Korea by the MLVA assay and to compare the epidemiological relationships between the Korean isolates and foreign ones. Simpson's diversity index for 17 loci showed a range from 0 to 0.846 in 77 B. canis isolates. B. canis isolates in Korea were observed to have high genetic diversity at the most variable loci and were divided into 30 distinct genotypes by phylogenetic analysis. Some B. canis isolates were closely related to previously typed isolates in other countries. The MLVA assay can be helpful to analyze the epidemiological correlation of B. canis isolates in domestic pet animals and to track the geographic origin by comparing the genetic patterns with foreign isolates. Therefore, the MLVA assay will be useful as a tool for control and preventive measures of canine brucellosis.

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Genotyping North American Animal Mycobacterium Bovis Isolates Using Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Spoligotyping for Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates and a Comparison with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing

Evaluation of Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Spoligotyping for Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates and a Comparison with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing

Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States

Genetic Comparison of Brucella canis Isolates by the MLVA Assay in South Korea

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