Genotyping Mycoplasma gallisepticum by multilocus sequence typing

Bekő, Katinka; Kreizinger, Zsuzsa; Sulyok, Kinga M.; Kovács, Áron Botond; Grózner, Dénes; Catania, Salvatore; Bradbury, Janet M.; Lysnyansky, Inna; Olaogun, Olusola Martins; Czanik, Béla; Ellakany, Hany F.; Gyuranecz, Miklós

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.016

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…MG can spread within members of one order, which could be evidence of a single ancestor [23]. A recent study which summarized the phylogeny of MG showed that one strain of MG could be isolated from three different poultry species [89]. It has now been hypothesized that the adaptation of MG to a new host is not so easy and needs certain favorable factors helping it PLOS ONE [90,91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum is one of the most important poultry pathogens that can also infect wild birds, but knowledge of potential non-poultry hosts that could be reservoirs of M. gallisepticum is limited. For the paper presented here, we screened three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Knowledge) to find articles on the occurrence of M. gallisepticum in different wild bird species that were published between 1951 and 2018. Among 314 studies found, we selected and included 50 original articles that met the pre-established criteria. From those publications we extracted the following information: name of the first author, year of publication, year of sample isolation, country, region, number of birds sampled, number of birds tested by each method, number of positive samples, diagnostic criteria, and if birds were wild or captive. Because different detection techniques were used to confirm the presence of M. gallisepticum in one animal, we decided to perform the meta analyses separately for each method. The estimated prevalence of M. gallisepticum in wild birds was different by each method of detection. Our summary revealed that M. gallisepticum was present in 56 species of bird belonging to 11 different orders, of which 21 species were reported suffering both past and current infection. Our work provides information on wild bird species that could be considered potential reservoirs or carriers of M. gallisepticum and could be helpful to set the direction for future research on the spread and phylogeny of M. gallisepticum in different hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, 40 isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum were genetically characterized. These isolates were collected from chickens (21), turkeys (14), geese (2), quail (1), and guinea fowls (2), during the years 2010-2019 (Table 1). More than 90% of these samples were of industrial poultry origin, the remaining were backyard or private producer avian samples from different farming areas, mainly from the Italian northern regions (Piemonte, Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna).…”

Section: Sample Selection and Mycoplasma Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six selected housekeeping genes (atpG, dnaA, fusA, rpoB, ruvB, uvrA) were amplified in separate tubes in a 20 µL total volume using the primers listed in Table S1. Each reaction mix contained 10 µL of Sybr Fast Universal Master Mix (2X) (Merck Life Science, Milan, Italy), the specific primer pair at the concentration reported in Beko et al [14] and 1.5 µL of template DNA. The thermal profile consisted of an initial denaturation/enzyme activation for 5 min at 95 • C followed by 35 cycles comprising a denaturation step at 95 • C for 1 min, primer annealing at 56 • C for 30 s and extension at 72 • C for 1 min.…”

Section: Mg Mlstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MG isolates were analyzed with a MLST scheme developed on six selected housekeeping genes [14]. In vitro cultured MG strains showed sufficient genetic stability maintaining the same ST for at least 100 passages (data not shown).…”

Section: Mg Typing With Mlstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) of selected housekeeping genes has been widely regarded as a gold-standard for microbial typing and evolution inference. MG MLST schemes have been recently standardized [14,15] and shown to be capable of revealing genetic relationships between samples. Data generated by MLST can be directly compared between laboratories and easily shared through dedicated databases, such as Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database (BIGSdb) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Differentiation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Outbreaks: A Last Decade Study on Italian Farms Using GTS and MLST

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infects many avian species and leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Transmission of this pathogen occurs both horizontally and vertically, and strategies to avoid the spread of MG rely on vaccination and the application of biosecurity measures to maintain breeder groups as pathogen-free. Two live attenuated MG vaccine strains are licensed in Italy: 6/85 and ts-11. After their introduction, the implementation of adequate genotyping tools became necessary to distinguish between field and vaccine strains and to guarantee proper infection monitoring activity. In this study, 40 Italian MG isolates collected between 2010–2019 from both vaccinated and unvaccinated farms were genotyped using gene-targeted sequencing (GTS) of the cythadesin gene mgc2 and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on six housekeeping genes. The discriminatory power of GTS typing ensures 6/85-like strain identification, but the technique does not allow the identification ts-11 strains; conversely, MLST differentiates both vaccine strains, describing more detailed interrelation structures. Our study describes MG genetic scenario within a mixed farming context. In conclusion, the use of adequate typing methods is essential to understand the evolutionary dynamics of MG strains in a particular area and to conduct epidemiological investigations in the avian population.

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Survey of respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in British gamebirds (2016–2019): In vitro antibiotic sensitivity, pathology and detection of other pathogens

Welchman¹,

Tasker²,

Poulos³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Record

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Background:The causes of respiratory disease in British gamebirds were investigated during 2016-2019 following concerns about poorer responses to antibiotic treatment. Emphasis was placed on Mycoplasma gallisepticum, but other possible bacterial and viral causes were included, along with gross and histopathological examination. Methods: Clinical respiratory disease outbreaks were investigated. Results: Mycoplasma gallisepticum was detected by PCR in 65 of 69 outbreaks in pheasants and partridges and isolated from 56 of these. Partial mgc2 gene sequences from 28 M. gallisepticum isolates were compared, and 26 proved identical, suggesting the prevalence of a dominant sequence type. Minimum inhibitory concentration values for tiamulin, tylosin, tylvalosin, doxycycline and tetracycline were significantly higher than the reference strain but could not be correlated with treatment failures. Other bacterial species were isolated from sinuses but were not consistently correlated with disease. RT-PCRs detected coronaviruses in 18% of 49 outbreaks and avian metapneumovirus in 8%. Histopathological lesions were typical of M. gallisepticum sinusitis and significantly associated with M. gallisepticum PCR outbreak positivity. Conclusion: Mycoplasma gallisepticum remains an important cause of respiratory disease in gamebirds. Synergism with other pathogens may have played a role in some outbreaks. Specific reasons for variable responses to antibacterial treatment were not identified.

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Genotyping Mycoplasma gallisepticum by multilocus sequence typing

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Molecular Differentiation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Outbreaks: A Last Decade Study on Italian Farms Using GTS and MLST

Survey of respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in British gamebirds (2016–2019): In vitro antibiotic sensitivity, pathology and detection of other pathogens

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