Genotyping-by-sequencing reveals range expansion of Adonis vernalis (Ranunculaceae) from Southeastern Europe into the zonal Euro-Siberian steppe

Abstract

The Euro-Siberian steppe flora consists of warm- and cold-adapted species, which may have responded differently to Pleistocene glacials and interglacials. Genotyping-by-sequencing individuals from across the distribution range of the pheasant’s eye (Adonis vernalis), we aimed to gain insight into steppe florogenesis based on the species’ evolutionary history. Although the primary area of origin of the species group comprising A. vernalis, A. villosa and A. volgensis is in Asia, our results indicate that recent populations of A. vernalis are not of Asian origin but evolved in the southern part of Europe during the Pleistocene, with Spanish populations clearly genetically distinct from the Southeastern European populations. We inferred that A. vernalis migrated eastwards from the sub-Mediterranean forest-steppes of Southeastern Europe into the continental forest-steppe zone. Eastern European populations had the highest private allelic richness, indicating long-term large population sizes in this region. As a thermophilic species, A. vernalis seems unlikely to have survived in the cold deserts of the Last Glacial Maximum in Western Siberia, so this region was likely (re)colonized postglacially. Overall, our results reinforce the importance of identifying the area of origin and the corresponding ecological requirements of steppe plants in order to understand the composition of today’s steppe flora.

Chromosome characterization and genome size in <i>Nigella</i> and <i>Garidella</i> species (Ranunculaceae) with their taxonomic implications

“…Genome size varies greatly across the flowering plants and it has an important role in shaping their evolution. Genome sizes (2C) of the other genera such as Ranunculus, Helleborus, Hepatica, Thalictrum, Anemone, Ficaria, Adonis, and Trollius significantly ranged from 0.5 to 57.3 pg for diploids and from 14.8 to 89.2 pg for tetraploid taxa in the family (Zonneveld 2001;Mabuchi et al 2005;Cires et al 2009;Soza et al 2013;Zonneveld 2015;Mitrenina et al 2020;Seidl et al 2022). Nigella taxa have a much larger ge-nome size (21.25 to 23.48 pg) than Garidella species (17.68 pg).…”

Karyotype and genome size variation in Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium (Ranunculaceae)

“…On the genome size of Ranunculaceae , few related studies involving ten genera (i.e., Ranunculus , Eranthis , Helleborus , Hepatica , Thalictrum , Delphinium , Anemone , Ficaria , Adonis , and Trollius ), showed that the 2C-value of diploid taxa significantly ranged from 0.5 to 57.3 pg and from 14.8 to 89.2 pg for tetraploid taxa ( Zonneveld 2001 ; Mabuchi et al 2005 ; Cires et al 2009 ; Cires et al 2010 ; Zonneveld 2010 ; Soza et al 2013 ; Zonneveld 2015 ; Mitrenina et al 2020 ; Mitrenina et al 2021 ; Salvado et al 2022 ; Seidl et al 2022 ). According to Salvado et al’s (2022) report on the genome size of Delphinium , the tetraploid D. montanum had a 1C value of 10.32 pg.…”

Is there a massive glacial–Holocene flora continuity in Central Europe?

“…The survival of many cold-tolerant and some thermophilous steppe species, at least at favourable microsites, during the LGM, was also proved or assumed by palynological (Willis et al, 2000;Jankovsk a & Pokorný, 2008;Magyari et al, 2010Magyari et al, , 2014a, biogeographical (Varga, 2009;Chytrý et al, 2017b), palaeodistribution modelling (Divíšek et al, 2022) and phylogeographical studies (Cie slak, 2014; Kajtoch et al, 2016;Kirschner et al, 2020;Willner et al, 2021, and references therein). Examples of these species include Adonis vernalis (Seidl et al, 2022), Adonis volgensis (Kajtoch et al, 2016) (Kajtoch et al, 2016;Meindl et al, 2016) and Stipa capillata (Durka et al, 2013). Thus, palaeoecological and phylogeographical evidence is accumulating for many species with diverse ecological requirements (i.e.…”

“…The survival of many cold‐tolerant and some thermophilous steppe species, at least at favourable microsites, during the LGM, was also proved or assumed by palynological (Willis et al ., 2000; Jankovská & Pokorný, 2008; Magyari et al ., 2010, 2014 a ), biogeographical (Varga, 2009; Chytrý et al ., 2017 b ), palaeodistribution modelling (Divíšek et al ., 2022) and phylogeographical studies (Cieślak, 2014; Kajtoch et al ., 2016; Kirschner et al ., 2020; Willner et al ., 2021, and references therein). Examples of these species include Adonis vernalis (Seidl et al ., 2022), Adonis volgensis (Kajtoch et al ., 2016), Astragalus onobrychis (Záveská et al ., 2019; Plenk et al ., 2020), Atriplex tatarica (Hodková et al ., 2019), Cirsium pannonicum (Cieślak, 2014), Euphorbia seguieriana (Frajman et al ., 2019), Iris aphylla (Wróblewska et al ., 2010; Kajtoch et al ., 2016), Klasea lycopifolia (Cieślak, 2013), Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (Seidl et al ., 2020, 2021), Linum flavum (Cieślak, 2014; Kajtoch et al ., 2016; Plenk et al ., 2017), Linum hirsutum (Cieślak, 2014), Pentanema ensifolium (syn. Inula ensifolia ) (Cieślak, 2014), Scorzonera purpurea (Kajtoch et al ., 2016; Meindl et al ., 2016) and Stipa capillata (Durka et al ., 2013).…”