Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle farmed in Hainan Province, the southernmost region of China

Abstract

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an intestinal pathogen that infects a wide range of species, including humans. Cattle constitute an important host for E. bieneusi; however, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Hainan Province of China. In this study, PCR analysis of 314 fecal samples from cattle in six cities of Hainan was performed for genotype identification. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in these animals was 9.9% (31/314), and ranged from 0.0% (0/12) to 20.5% (8/39). Five known genotypes – EbpC (n = 14), BEB4 (n = 12), J (n = 2), I (n = 1), and CHG5 (n = 1) – and a novel genotype: HNC-I (n = 1) – were identified. Genotypes EbpC and HNC-I were placed in zoonotic Group 1, and the remaining four genotypes (BEB4, J, I, and CHG5) were placed in Group 2. Since 93.5% of the genotypes found in the cattle (29/31) (EbpC, BEB4, J, and I) have previously been found in humans, these genotypes are probably involved in the transmission of microsporidiosis to humans.

Occurrence and potentially zoonotic genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in Nanwan Monkey Island, Hainan, China: a public health concern

“…In this study, the novel genotype HNM-IX was genetically closely related to the human-pathogenic genotype EbpC which was commonly found in humans from Iran, Czech Republic, Peru, China, Thailand, and Vietnam [ 29 , 45 – 48 ]. It was also found in more than 15 animal species and in environmental samples [ 3 , 10 ]. From the phylogenetic analysis, the six genotypes identified here were all categorized into group 1.…”

“…Each sequence is identified by its accession number, host origin, and genotype designation. The group terminology for the clusters is based on Zheng et al [ 10 ]. The squares and circles filled in black indicate novel and known genotypes identified in this study, respectively …”

Occurrence and Potentially Zoonotic Genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Wild Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) Living in Nanwan Monkey Island, Hainan, China: A Public Health Concern

“…In this study, the novel genotype HNM-IX was genetically closely related to the human-pathogenic genotype EbpC which was commonly found in humans from Iran, Czech Republic, Peru, China, Thailand, and Vietnam [29,[45][46][47][48]. It was also found in more than 15 animal species and in environmental samples [3,49]. From the phylogenetic analysis, the six genotypes identi ed here were all categorized into group 1.…”

Prevalence and molecular characterization of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> from large-scale cattle farms in Anhui Province, China

“…in this study was 2.1%, which was lower than that in Northern Thailand (7.6%), India (30.2%), Egypt (13.6%), and Northeast China (6.4%) [2,11,19,24], but higher than that in Ningxia, China (1.6%) [9]. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in cattle in Anhui Province was 4.2%, which was lower than that in Turkey (4.5%), Korea (15.0%), and Hainan Province (9.9%) [14,38,45]. In general, the infection rates of these two pathogens in Anhui Province were relatively low, which was probably due to that the feces after enrichment of oocysts/spores were used to extract the genomic DNA in other studies [19,45].…”

“…The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in cattle in Anhui Province was 4.2%, which was lower than that in Turkey (4.5%), Korea (15.0%), and Hainan Province (9.9%) [14,38,45]. In general, the infection rates of these two pathogens in Anhui Province were relatively low, which was probably due to that the feces after enrichment of oocysts/spores were used to extract the genomic DNA in other studies [19,45]. However, the genomic DNAs were directly extracted from untreated fecal samples in this study.…”