Genotyping and population diversity of Bacillus anthracis in China based on MLVA and canSNP analysis

Wang, Dongshu; Wang, Bingxiang; Zhu, Li; Wu, Song-Yu; Lyu, Yufei; Feng, Erling; Pan, Chao; Jiao, Lei; Cui, Yu‐Jun; Liu, Xiankai; Wang, Hengliang

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2020.126414

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It comprises strains isolated in China, with one exception from Hungaria. This is in agreement with studies describing the genetic diversity of B. anthracis in China, and the finding of TEA in the Xinjiang province in Western China (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Kazakhstan Is Predominantly Occupied By the Sanitary Technical Institute Lineagesupporting

confidence: 93%

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Bacillus anthracis Phylogeography: New Clues From Kazakhstan, Central Asia

Shevtsov

Lukhnova²,

Izbanova³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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This article describes Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Kazakhstan since the 1950s until year 2016 from sixty-one independent events associated with anthrax in humans and animals. One hundred and fifty-four strains were first genotyped by Multiple Locus VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) Analysis (MLVA) using 31 VNTR loci. Thirty-five MLVA31 genotypes were resolved, 28 belong to the A1/TEA group, five to A3/Sterne-Ames group, one to A4/Vollum and one to the B clade. This is the first report of the presence of the B-clade in Kazakhstan. The MLVA31 results and epidemiological data were combined to select a subset of seventy-nine representative strains for draft whole genome sequencing (WGS). Strains from Kazakhstan significantly enrich the known phylogeny of the Ames group polytomy, including the description of a new branch closest to the Texas, United States A.Br.Ames sublineage stricto sensu. Three among the seven currently defined branches in the TEA polytomy are present in Kazakhstan, “Tsiankovskii”, “Heroin”, and “Sanitary Technical Institute (STI)”. In particular, strains from the STI lineage are largely predominant in Kazakhstan and introduce numerous deep branching STI sublineages, demonstrating a high geographic correspondence between “STI” and Kazakhstan, Central Asia. This observation is a strong indication that the TEA polytomy emerged after the last political unification of Asian steppes in the fourteenth century of the Common Era. The phylogenetic analysis of the Kazakhstan data and of currently available WGS data of worldwide origin strengthens our understanding of B. anthracis geographic expansions in the past seven centuries.

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Section: Kazakhstan Is Predominantly Occupied By the Sanitary Technical Institute Lineagesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This geographic distribution of the STI lineage is quite remarkable. It apparently does not expand eastward beyond the Xinjiang autonomous region in China ( Simonson et al, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). Its expansion south of Kazakhstan (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) is unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis Phylogeography: New Clues From Kazakhstan, Central Asia

Shevtsov

Lukhnova²,

Izbanova³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…This result is similar to that reported previously, wherein the distribution of anthrax cases in China showed an overall decrease in the number of cases from western to eastern China from 1955–2014 (Li et al., 2017). Similarly, based on molecular typing revealed that the spread of B. anthracis appears to have occurred from west to east (Wang et al., 2020). Inner Mongolia is across the border of northern, China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changed epidemiology of anthrax and molecular characteristics of Bacillus anthracis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Yan

Wang

Yue

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Anthrax is a natural foci disease in Inner Mongolia, which poses a severe threat to public health. In this study, the incidence number, rate and constituent ratio were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in the region from 1956-2018. The molecular correlation and genetic characteristics of the strains were investigated using canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (CanSNP), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-15) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Inner Mongolia have altered significantly. The incidence of anthrax has decreased annually without vaccination, and the regional distribution of anthrax gradually transferred from central and western regions to the eastern. Moreover, the occupation distribution evolved from multiple early occupations to predominated by farmers and herdsmen. This change is closely related to policy factors and to changes in the means of production and the living habits of the local population. This indicates that reformulating the control and prevention strategies is essential. Both A. Br. Ames and A. Br. 001/002 subgroups were the predominant CanSNP genotypes of Bacillus anthracis in Inner Mongolia. A total of 36 strains constituted six shared MLVA-15 genotypes, suggesting an epidemiological link between the strains of each shared genotype. The six shared genotypes ([GT1, 9, 11 and 15] and [GT8 and 12]) consisting of 2-7 strains confirmed the occurrence of multiple point outbreaks and cross-regional transmission caused by multiple common sources of infection. Phylogenetic analysis based on the WGS core genome showed that strains from this study formed an independent clade (C.V.), and they were positioned close to each other, suggesting a common origin. Further comparison analysis should be performed to ascertain the geographic origin of these strains.

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“…This nonsense mutation has been confirmed to be an excellent target for distinguishing B. anthracis from its nearest genetic neighbours [ 23 , 24 ]. For use as a target, we selected the CR5 locus from predicted B. anthracis CRISPR sites because this region is highly conserved in B. anthracis according to sequencing and GenBank verification of 181 Chinese isolates [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CRISPR/Cas12a-based DNAzyme visualization system for rapid, non-electrically dependent detection of Bacillus anthracis

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Lyu³

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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As next-generation pathogen detection methods, CRISPR-Cas-based detection methods can perform single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level detection with high sensitivity and good specificity. They do not require any particular equipment, which opens up new possibilities for the accurate detection and identification of Bacillus anthracis. In this study, we developed a complete detection system for B. anthracis based on Cas12a. We used two chromosomally located SNP targets and two plasmid targets to identify B. anthracis with high accuracy. The CR5 target is completely new. The entire detection process can be completed within 90 min without electrical power and with single-copy level sensitivity. We also developed an unaided-eye visualization system based on G4-DNAzyme for use with our CRISPR-Cas12a detection system. This visualization system has good prospects for deployment in field-based point-of-care detection. We used the antisense nucleic acid CatG4R as the detection probe, which showed stronger resistance to interference from components of the solution. CatG4R can also be designed as an RNA molecule for adaptation to Cas13a detection, thereby broadening the scope of the detection system.

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Genotyping and population diversity of Bacillus anthracis in China based on MLVA and canSNP analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Bacillus anthracis Phylogeography: New Clues From Kazakhstan, Central Asia

Bacillus anthracis Phylogeography: New Clues From Kazakhstan, Central Asia

Changed epidemiology of anthrax and molecular characteristics of Bacillus anthracis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

A CRISPR/Cas12a-based DNAzyme visualization system for rapid, non-electrically dependent detection of Bacillus anthracis

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