Genotypic Variations in Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Cell-Wall Components of the Stem in Rice, Sorghum, and Sugar Vane

Arai‐Sanoh, Yumiko; Ida, Masashi; Zhao, Rui; Yoshinaga, Satoshi; Takai, Toshiyuki; Ishimaru, Tsutomu; Maeda, Hideo; Nishitani, Kazuhiko; Terashima, Yoshifumi; Gau, Mitsuru; Kato, Naoki; Matsuoka, Makoto; Kondo, Motohiko

doi:10.1271/bbb.110009

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A previous study reported that the glucose present in rice straw liquid hydrolysates after dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment is liberated primarily from starch rather than cellulose. 14) Similar to our results, Arai-Sano et al 27) reported that the starch content of rice straw varies between cultivars. In the present study, the cultivars bred in Hokkaido (the northernmost island of Japan) demonstrated a low glucose content ( Fig.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Liquid Hydrolysate Glucose Content and Futsupporting

confidence: 91%

Natural variation in the glucose content of dilute sulfuric acid–pretreated rice straw liquid hydrolysates: implications for bioethanol production

Goda

Teramura

Suehiro

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Rice straw is a promising resource for bioethanol production. Because the glucose content of pretreatment liquid hydrolysates is highly correlated with ethanol yield, the selection of appropriate rice cultivars is essential. The glucose content in liquid hydrolysates of pretreated rice straws of 208 diverse cultivars was evaluated in natural field in 2013 and 2014 using a novel high-throughput system. The glucose content of the rice straw samples varied across cultivars and was affected by environmental factors such as temperature and solar radiation. Several high-quality cultivars exhibiting high glucose content in both years were identified. The results of this study can aid in development of novel rice cultivars suitable as both feedstocks for bioethanol production and cooking.

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Section: Factors Affecting Liquid Hydrolysate Glucose Content and Futsupporting

confidence: 91%

Natural variation in the glucose content of dilute sulfuric acid–pretreated rice straw liquid hydrolysates: implications for bioethanol production

Goda

Teramura

Suehiro

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The higher levels of reducing sugars observed in these genotypes would have arisen from sucrose hydrolysis, since sucrose is the main storage sugar in sorghum (Slewinski 2012). Starch hydrolysis could also lead to higher levels of reducing sugars, but it seems unlikely, as starch content accounts for less than 0.2% of the nonstructural carbohydrates in sorghum stems (Arai-Sanoh et al 2011). Lower levels of sucrose in the fifth internode in the drought exposed plants could be attributed to source limitations arising from a reduction in photosynthesis due to stomatal closure (Lemoine et al 2013).…”

Section: Drought-induced Changes In Sugar Metabolism At the Early Repmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in stem sugar content and metabolism in sorghum genotypes subjected to drought stress

Qazi

Rao

Kashikar

et al. 2014

Functional Plant Biol.

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Changes in stem sugar concentrations due to drought stress at the early reproductive stage were studied in seven sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes that differ in their stem sugar storage ability. Total sap sugar concentration increased in most genotypes. ANOVA showed a significant contribution of genotype and treatment to the variation in sugar levels. Two genotypes showed little variation in total sugar levels at the fifth internode from the peduncle and five genotypes showed significant increases in total sugar levels under drought; these groups were used to compare sugar metabolism. Drought led to a decrease in catabolic sucrose synthase activity in both groups. Invertase activities increased significantly in two genotypes and correlated with the increase in reducing sugar concentrations under drought. Stem sugar hydrolysis probably had a role in osmotic adjustment under drought and correlated with retention of sap volume. However, the activities of sugar-metabolising enzymes did not correlate with their gene expression levels. After resuming irrigation, grain yields, stalk yields and juice volume at physiological maturity were lower in plants recovering from drought stress compared with the controls. In some genotypes, there were similar losses in grain yields and stem sugars due to drought, indicating photoassimilate source limitation; in other genotypes, grain yield losses were less than stem sugar losses in drought-exposed plants compared with the controls, suggesting mobilisation of sugars from the storage internodes to the developing panicle. Accumulation of stem sugars appears to be an adaptive strategy against drought stress in some sorghum genotypes.

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“…For the analysis of polysaccharides, the cell wall samples were fractionated according to the procedure described by Nishitani and Masuda (1979) and Arai-Sanoh et al (2011) with modifications. Briefly, 20-mm stem sections excised from the basal part of inflorescence stems measuring 200 mm in length obtained from the wild type or mutant alleles were frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized and then processed by beadmilling using Tissue Lyser II (Qiagen).…”

Section: Cell Wall Fractionation and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demethylesterification of the Primary Wall by PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 Provides Mechanical Support to the Arabidopsis Stem

et al. 2012

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Secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, have traditionally been considered essential for the mechanical strength of the shoot of land plants, whereas pectin, which is a characteristic component of the primary wall, is not considered to be involved in the mechanical support of the plant. Contradicting this conventional knowledge, loss-of-function mutant alleles of Arabidopsis thaliana PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 (PME35), which encodes a pectin methylesterase, showed a pendant stem phenotype and an increased deformation rate of the stem, indicating that the mechanical strength of the stem was impaired by the mutation. PME35 was expressed specifically in the basal part of the inflorescence stem. Biochemical characterization showed that the activity of pectin methylesterase was significantly reduced in the basal part of the mutant stem. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy analyses using JIM5, JIM7, and LM20 monoclonal antibodies revealed that demethylesterification of methylesterified homogalacturonans in the primary cell wall of the cortex and interfascicular fibers was suppressed in the mutant, but lignified cell walls in the interfascicular and xylary fibers were not affected. These phenotypic analyses indicate that PME35-mediated demethylesterification of the primary cell wall directly regulates the mechanical strength of the supporting tissue.

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Genotypic Variations in Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Cell-Wall Components of the Stem in Rice, Sorghum, and Sugar Vane

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Natural variation in the glucose content of dilute sulfuric acid–pretreated rice straw liquid hydrolysates: implications for bioethanol production

Natural variation in the glucose content of dilute sulfuric acid–pretreated rice straw liquid hydrolysates: implications for bioethanol production

Alterations in stem sugar content and metabolism in sorghum genotypes subjected to drought stress

Demethylesterification of the Primary Wall by PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 Provides Mechanical Support to the Arabidopsis Stem

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