Genotypic Responses in Sorghum to Drought Stress. III. Free Proline Accumulation and Drought Resistance<sup>1</sup>

Blum, A.; Ebercon, Adelina

doi:10.2135/cropsci1976.0011183x001600030030x

Cited by 161 publications

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“…The extent to which each of these plays a role in osmotic adjustment varies with the species. Accumulation of solutes in response to water deficits has been observed in leaves ofsorghum (2,8,9). A similar phenomenon was also observed when plant cells were cultured under conditions of induced water stress using PEG (5).…”

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confidence: 64%

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Physiological Changes in Cultured Sorghum Cells in Response to Induced Water Stress

Bhaskaran¹,

Smith²,

Newton³

1985

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACITen varieties of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench were grown as callus cultures under conditions of water stress, which was induced by addition of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 8000) in the medium. Growth and free proline were estimated in the control and water-stressed cultures. In all varieties, proline levels were low in the absence of water stress and the levels increased in response to water stress. However, the magnitude of these increases were not correlated with stress tolerance of the individual varieties in culture. Thus increase in proline seems to be an incidental consequence of stress in vitro and not an adaptive response to combat water stress in sorghum.Drought stress is very common in the sorghum-growing regions of the world, and several distinct varieties have evolved with varying degrees ofdrought tolerance (1). There are different mechanisms by which plants cope with water stress. One of the physiological responses to drought is the accumulation of intracellular solutes (16,18). These are generally low mol wt metabolic products such as carbohydrates, amino acids, sugar phosphates, etc. The extent to which each of these plays a role in osmotic adjustment varies with the species. Accumulation of solutes in response to water deficits has been observed in leaves ofsorghum (2,8,9). A similar phenomenon was also observed when plant cells were cultured under conditions of induced water stress using PEG (5). It was further shown that PEG itself did not contribute significantly to the osmotic adjustment (4).There is virtually no information about the physiology of sorghum callus grown in vitro under osmotic stress. Recently, we have been able to show a certain degree of correlation between drought responses in the field and response to water stress in culture (manuscript in preparation). In this study, an attempt was made to analyze free proline levels in sorghum when grown as callus cultures with and without addition ofPEG in the culture medium. The rationale was that this approach would enable us to look for any inherent differences at the cellular level that make some varieties better than others in terms of drought tolerance. advantage to any variety to cope with water stress. Such knowledge is fundamental in selecting genotypes for breeding for drought tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODSCallus Cultures. Callus cultures were initiated from sorghum seeds using the procedure of Smith et al. (14). Seeds of Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench varieties B35, RTx7078, RTx7000, RTx432, BTx3197, BTx623, 1790E, RTx430, R9188, and BTx378 were used in our experiments. Callus was subcultured at 4-week intervals until enough callus material was obtained to start them on the stress media. All calli were less than 6 months old when they were subjected to osmotic stress.Water Stress. PEG, mol wt 8000, was added to the growth medium at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/v) before adjusting the pH of the medium to 5.7. Twenty-five ml of medium was distributed into each culture tube and Heller supports ...

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“…Proline as a useful selection criterion for drought tolerance has not stood the test in plant breeding programs in barley (6) and rapeseed (13). Accumulation of proline in water-stressed leaves of sorghum was found to be related to the ability of the plant to recover upon relief of stress (2), which is an encouraging observation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes in Cultured Sorghum Cells in Response to Induced Water Stress

Bhaskaran¹,

Smith²,

Newton³

1985

Plant Physiol.

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“…In addition, proline also serves as a sink for energy to regulate redox potential (Blum and Ebercon, 1976), as a hydroxy radical scavenger (Smirnoff and Cumbes, 1989), as a solute that protects marcromolecules against denaturation (Schobert and Tschesche, 1978) and as a means of reducing the acidity in the cell (Venekamp, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Vicia faba plants to the interactive effect of sodium chloride salinity and salicylic acid treatment

Tammam

2003

Acta Agronomica Hungarica

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The leaf area, fresh and dry matter, and water content in the roots and shoots of broad bean were significantly reduced with a rise in salinity. The protein components in the roots and shoots decreased in response to salinity, whereas the proline content significantly increased. The sodium content in both roots and shoots increased with increasing salinity, whereas potassium and calcium decreased. Salinity induced an increase in total amino acids and ammonia.Spraying with salicylic acid (SA) increased the three growth parameters, stimulated the synthesis of protein at all salinities, retarded the accumulation of proline, retarded the accumulation of Na + and increased the content of K + and Ca 2+. The total content of amino acids was about 1.6-fold the untreated control and there was a drastic increase in the content of threonine and serine.The electrophoretic pattern of SA-treated seedlings showed 21 polypeptides compared to 12 in the salt-treated ones. Salinity plus SA resulted in the disappearance of 4 polypeptides. In addition, two peptides with molecular masses of 99 and 102 kDa appeared in the gel in both NaCl-treated seedlings and NaCl+SA-treated seedlings.

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“…In addition to acting as an osmoprotectant (Christian, 1955), Pro also serves as a sink for energy to regulate redox potentials (Blum and Ebercon, 1976;Saradhi and Saradhi, 1991), as a hydroxy radical scavenger (Smirnoff and Cumbes, 1989), as a solute that protects macromolecules against denaturation (Schobert and Tschesche, 1978), and as a means of reducing the acidity in the cell (Venekamp et al, 1989). Overexpression of a bacteria1 gene allowing mannitol synthesis has been demonstrated to confer salinity tolerance in transgenic plants (Tarczynski et al, 1993).…”

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Overexpression of [delta]-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase Increases Proline Production and Confers Osmotolerance in Transgenic Plants

et al. 1995

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Genotypic Responses in Sorghum to Drought Stress. III. Free Proline Accumulation and Drought Resistance¹

Cited by 161 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Changes in Cultured Sorghum Cells in Response to Induced Water Stress

Physiological Changes in Cultured Sorghum Cells in Response to Induced Water Stress

Response of Vicia faba plants to the interactive effect of sodium chloride salinity and salicylic acid treatment

Overexpression of [delta]-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase Increases Proline Production and Confers Osmotolerance in Transgenic Plants

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Genotypic Responses in Sorghum to Drought Stress. III. Free Proline Accumulation and Drought Resistance1

Cited by 161 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Changes in Cultured Sorghum Cells in Response to Induced Water Stress

Physiological Changes in Cultured Sorghum Cells in Response to Induced Water Stress

Response of Vicia faba plants to the interactive effect of sodium chloride salinity and salicylic acid treatment

Overexpression of [delta]-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase Increases Proline Production and Confers Osmotolerance in Transgenic Plants

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Genotypic Responses in Sorghum to Drought Stress. III. Free Proline Accumulation and Drought Resistance¹