Genotypic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and genotype shift to PCV2d in Korean pig population

Kwon, Taehyun; Lee, Dong Uk; Yoo, Sang‐Jo; Je, Sang H.; Shin, Jae-Ki; Lyoo, Young S.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.015

Cited by 75 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Experimental evidence shows that subtle changes in the PCV2 capsid protein can increase its fitness at the cellular level and increase its virulence in infected pigs [53,54]. Recent field observations have brought the role of the capsid protein in the molecular epidemiology of PCV2 into light [55,56,57,58,59]. …”

Section: Virus Replication and Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of PCV1 and PCV2 evolutionary trends estimates the time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) approximately to the later part of the nineteenth century or the beginning of the twentieth century, as well as subsequent independent evolution in spite of co-circulation [55,56,57,58,59,60]. A convention on the sub-classification of PCV2 into genotypes was accepted in 2008 based on the then prevalent diversity in the ORF2 nucleotide and a p-distance of 0.035, which was the criteria used to delineate the PCV2 genotypes [61].…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalent PCV2a genotype was replaced by the PCV2b genotype in the mid-2000s, with a purported increase in virulence [55,57,70,71,72]. In recent years, the PCV2d genotype (earlier known as mutant PCV2b) has been increasing in prevalence in major pork producing areas, including the United States, Europe, China, Korea and South America [55,56,58,73]. It is interesting that the first genotype shift slightly predates the widespread vaccination against PCV2, while the recent genotype shift is noticed in the presence of widespread vaccination.…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccines in the Context of Current Molecular Epidemiology

Karuppannan

Opriessnig

2017

Viruses

125

119

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen and, although small, it has the highest evolution rate among DNA viruses. Since the discovery of PCV2 in the late 1990s, this minimalistic virus with a 1.7 kb single-stranded DNA genome and two indispensable genes has become one of the most important porcine pathogens, and presently is subjected to the highest volume of prophylactic intervention in the form of vaccines in global swine production. PCV2 can currently be divided into five different genotypes, PCV2a through PCV2e. It is well documented that PCV2 continues to evolve, which is reflected by changes in the prevalence of genotypes. During 2006, commercial vaccines for PCV2 were introduced on a large scale in a pig population mainly infected with PCV2b. Since 2012, the PCV2d genotype has essentially replaced the previously predominant PCV2b genotype in North America and similar trends are also documented in other geographic regions such as China and South Korea. This is the second major PCV2 genotype shift since the discovery of the virus. The potential increase in virulence of the emergent PCV2 genotype and the efficacy of the current vaccines derived from PCV2a genotype against the PCV2d genotype viruses has received considerable attention. This review attempts to synthesize the understanding of PCV2 biology, experimental studies on the antigenic variability, and molecular epidemiological analysis of the evolution of PCV2 genotypes.

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Section: Virus Replication and Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccines in the Context of Current Molecular Epidemiology

Karuppannan

Opriessnig

2017

Viruses

125

119

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“…PCV2a was the most predominant genotype worldwide until a shift to PCV2b occurred in 2003 or possibly earlier (Davies, Xiong, Dvorak, Marthaler, & Murtaugh, ; Dupont, Nielsen, Baekbo, & Larsen, ); since then, PCV2b has been the most prevalent genotype. Recently, PCV2b was reported to be shift to PCV2d in China and USA since 2009 and 2012, respectively, which was initially identified in 1999 in Switzerland and is now widespread in many countries (Kwon et al., ; Wei et al., ; Xiao, Harmon, Halbur, & Opriessnig, ). PCV2c was first identified in Denmark between 1980 and 1990 and recently detected in feral pigs in Brazil (Dupont et al., ; Franzo, Cortey, Castro et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of porcine circovirus type 2 infection reveals a novel genotype PCV2f

Bao

Luo

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a disease causing severe economic losses annually worldwide to the pig industry. PCV2 infection was first reported in China in 2000, and currently has three major genotypes, PCV2a, b and d, circulating in this country. To further elucidate the origin and prevalence of PCV2 in China, 123 clinical pig tissue samples collected in 25 provinces between 1990 and 1999 were analysed by PCV2-specific PCR, resulting in identification of 23 PCV2 strains collected between 1996 and 1999. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) showed that 20 of the 23 grouped within PCV2a, while the remaining three strains formed an independent clade, so far unreported and therefore named PCV2f. This genotype shared lower sequence identity with other known genotypes. This study provides further understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of PCV2 and has tracked PCV2 infection in China back to 1996 rather than 2000.

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“…The third type, PCV2c, was first reported in Denmark from an archived material [58] and, recently, it was discovered from live feral pigs in Brazil [59] and also from various field samples obtained from sick pigs in China [60]. The fourth genotype, PCV2d, was reported from China [56]; more recently it has been found dominating in most cases of PCV2 infections in the United State [61], South Korean pig population [62], and globally [63]. …”

Section: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (Pcv2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Status ofPorcine circovirusType 2 and Its Associated Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

Afolabi

Iweriebor

Okoh

et al. 2017

Advances in Virology

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Globally, Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a recognized viral pathogen of great economic value in pig farming. It is the major cause of ravaging postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and many other disease syndromes generally regarded as Porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) in Europe. PCV2 infections, specifically PMWS, had impacted huge economic loss on swine production at different regions of the world. It has been studied and reported at different parts of the globe including: North and South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Middle East, and the Caribbean. However, till date, this virus and its associated diseases have been grossly understudied in sub-Sahara African region and the entire continent at large. Two out of forty-nine, representing just about 4% of countries that make up sub-Sahara Africa presently, have limited records on reported cases and occurrence of the viral pathogen despite the ubiquitous nature of the virus. This review presents an overview of the discovery of Porcine circovirus and its associated diseases in global pig herds and emphasizes the latest trends in PCV2 vaccines and antiviral drugs development and the information gaps that exist on the occurrence of this important viral pathogen in swine herds of sub-Saharan Africa countries. This will serve as wake-up call for immediate and relevant actions by stakeholders in the region.

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Genotypic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and genotype shift to PCV2d in Korean pig population

Cited by 75 publications

References 41 publications

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccines in the Context of Current Molecular Epidemiology

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccines in the Context of Current Molecular Epidemiology

Retrospective study of porcine circovirus type 2 infection reveals a novel genotype PCV2f

Global Status ofPorcine circovirusType 2 and Its Associated Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

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