Genotypic diversity of Iranian Cryptococcus neoformans using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and susceptibility to antifungals

Moslem, Maryam; Fatahinia, Mahnaz; Kiasat, Neda; Mahmoudabadi, Ali Zarei

doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06433-7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As reported in the original literature [ 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], each of the four CGSC lineages (VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) in the IFMLST database are broadly distributed across multiple continents. However, the four lineages showed different patterns: the VGI lineage was recorded in 30 of the 45 countries with CGSC, followed by VGII (in 25 countries), VGIII lineage (in 11 countries), and VGIV lineage (in 9 countries).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 1202 isolates from 31 studies were included in our meta-analyses of population geographic structures. Protocols for DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing, and allelic profiling as well as detailed descriptions of these isolates and their genotype data can be found in the original reports [ 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Analyses of Multi-Locus Sequence Typing Data Reveal Geographic Differentiation, Hybridization, and Recombination in the Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex

Hitchcock

2023

JoF

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Cryptococcus gattii species complex (CGSC) is a basidiomycete haploid yeast and globally distributed mammalian pathogen. CGSC is comprised of six distinct lineages (VGI, VGII, VGIII, VGIV, VGV, and VGVI); however, the geographical distribution and population structure of these lineages is incompletely described. In this study, we analyze published multi-locus sequence data at seven loci for 566 previously recorded sequence types (STs) encompassing four distinct lineages (VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) within the CGSC. We investigate indicators of both clonal dispersal and recombination. Population genetic analyses of the 375 STs representing 1202 isolates with geographic information and 188 STs representing 788 isolates with ecological source data suggested historically differentiated geographic populations with infrequent long-distance gene flow. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences at the individual locus and of the concatenated sequences at all seven loci among all 566 STs revealed distinct clusters largely congruent with four major distinct lineages. However, 23 of the 566 STs (4%) each contained alleles at the seven loci belonging to two or more lineages, consistent with their hybrid origins among lineages. Within each of the four major lineages, phylogenetic incompatibility analyses revealed evidence for recombination. However, linkage disequilibrium analyses rejected the hypothesis of random recombination across all samples. Together, our results suggest evidence for historical geographical differentiation, sexual recombination, hybridization, and both long-distance and localized clonal expansion in the global CGSC population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Analyses of Multi-Locus Sequence Typing Data Reveal Geographic Differentiation, Hybridization, and Recombination in the Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex

Hitchcock

2023

JoF

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“…A total of 4200 isolates from 41 studies were included in our population genetic analyses. The detailed descriptions of these isolates and their genotype data, including their protocols for DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing and allelic profiling can be found in the original reports [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of the Global Multilocus Genotypes of the Human Pathogenic Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex

Hitchcock

2022

Genes

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Cryptococcus neoformans species complex (CNSC) is a globally distributed human opportunistic yeast pathogen consisting of five major molecular types (VNI, VNII, VNB, VNIII and VNIV) belonging to two species, C. neoformans (VNI, VNII and VNB, collectively called serotype A) and C. deneoformans (VNIV, commonly called serotype D), and their hybrids (VNIII, serotype AD). Over the years, many studies have analyzed the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of CNSC. However, the global population structure and mode of reproduction remain incompletely described. In this study, we analyze the published multilocus sequence data at seven loci for CNSC. The combined sequences at the seven loci identified a total of 657 multilocus sequence types (STs), including 296 STs with known geographic information, representing 4200 non-redundant isolates from 31 countries and four continents. Among the 296 STs, 78 and 52 were shared among countries and continents, respectively, representing 3643 of the 4200 isolates. Except for the clone-corrected serotype D sample among countries, our analysis of the molecular variance of the 4200 isolates revealed significant genetic differentiations among countries and continents in populations of CNSC, serotype A, and serotype D. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated sequences of all 657 STs revealed several large clusters corresponding to the major molecular types. However, several rare but distinct STs were also found, representing potentially novel molecular types and/or hybrids of existing molecular types. Phylogenetic incompatibility analyses revealed evidence for recombination within all four major molecular types—VNI, VNII, VNIV and VNB—as well as within two VNB subclades, VNBI and VNBII, and two ST clusters around the most common STs, ST5 and ST93. However, linkage disequilibrium analyses rejected the hypothesis of random recombination across most samples. Together, our results suggest evidence for historical differentiation, frequent recent gene flow, clonal expansion and recombination within and between lineages of the global CNSC population.

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Analysis of the relationship between drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates and mortality in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis

Su,

Wei,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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Genotypic diversity of Iranian Cryptococcus neoformans using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and susceptibility to antifungals

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Global Analyses of Multi-Locus Sequence Typing Data Reveal Geographic Differentiation, Hybridization, and Recombination in the Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex

Global Analyses of Multi-Locus Sequence Typing Data Reveal Geographic Differentiation, Hybridization, and Recombination in the Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex

Analyses of the Global Multilocus Genotypes of the Human Pathogenic Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex

Analysis of the relationship between drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates and mortality in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis

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