Genotypic diversity and virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans in caries-free and caries-active individuals

Napimoga, M H; Kamiya, R U; Rosa, R T; Rosa, E AR; Höfling, J F; Mattos-Graner, Renata O.; Gonçalves, R B

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-53-11-1175-a

Cited by 41 publications

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“…Supporting this hypothesis, the antimicrobial spectrum of mutacin IV is specifically against members of the mitis group of oral streptococci (Qi et al, 2001). Nevertheless, our study suggests that given the increasing complexity of the oral microbiota, as found in caries-active individuals (Napimoga et al, 2004), the S. mutans strains producing a wide spectrum of mutacins, including mutacins I, II and III, could become prevalent in most oral sites. Mitis group (n 6) S. salivarius (n 2)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 63 clinical isolates previously genotyped (Napimoga et al, 2004) and 3 reference strains, as positive controls, of S. mutans were used. The clinical S. mutans were previously isolated from individuals aged 18-29 years (mean AE SD, 23 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we observed a statistically significant positive association between the level of synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by S. mutans clinical isolates and the frequency of adherent cells in the presence of sucrose in caries-active subjects, but not in caries-free subjects (Napimoga et al, 2004). In addition, the strains of S. mutans isolated from caries-active individuals produced a wide spectrum of mutacins in comparison with those from caries-free individuals (Kamiya et al, 2005), suggesting that isolates from subjects with high caries activity were better at colonizing and accumulating on teeth, and, consequently, inducing caries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9). The clinical strains were identified by PCR and genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR (Napimoga et al, 2004), and included 41 strains from eight caries-active individuals and 22 strains from eight caries-free individuals.The isolates were previously evaluated for the production of mutacinlike substances (Kamiya et al, 2005) by a modification of the deferred antagonism method (Hamada & Ooshima, 1975). For mutacin-activity testing, the following 12 Streptococcus species were used as indicator strains: S. mutans CCT3440, S. mutans 32K, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27607, S. sobrinus 6715, Streptococcus mitis A, S. mitis ATCC 903, Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975, S. salivarius 66 .…”

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Frequency of four different mutacin genes in Streptococcus mutans genotypes isolated from caries-free and caries-active individuals

Kamiya

Napimoga

Höfling

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The ability of Streptococcus mutans to produce mutacins, combined with the production of other virulence factors such as lactic acid, may contribute to the pathogenesis of this bacterium. In the present study, the detection of genes encoding mutacin types I/III, II and IV was performed by PCR with specific primers to each type in a total of 63 S. mutans genotypes isolated from caries-active and caries-free individuals. In the caries-free group, PCR screening for mutacin IV revealed that 31 . 8 % of strains were positive for this mutacin. PCR for the other three mutacins tested (I/III and II) did not yield amplicons in any S. mutans strains in this group. The PCR with primers of mutacin IV showed 68 . 3 % positive genotypes in the caries-active group, on the other hand, the amplicons of mutacins I/III revealed 41 . 5 % positive strains that carried these genes. The chi square test showed significant differences in the number of positive strains to mutacin IV when comparing the caries-free and caries-active genotypes of S. mutans (P ¼ 0 . 01). All tested S. mutans strains were negative by PCR for mutacin II. The low frequencies of detection of some mutacin genes suggest the existence of high diversity and polymorphism in the production of genetic determinants of mutacin-like substances. In addition, the production of a wide spectrum of mutacins can play an important biological role in colonization by S. mutans strains, mainly in the niche of high-complexity microbial communities. INTRODUCTIONMutans streptococci are generally accepted as one of the principal aetiological agents of dental caries (Loesche, 1986;Becker et al., 2002). The dental biofilm consists of a complex bacterial community, and the ability of specific strains of Streptococcus mutans to compete with other strains may be essential for colonization. Alaluusua et al. (1996) suggested that some strains of S. mutans might be able to colonize the host and induce dental caries better than other strains. Alternatively, dietary patterns of the host may be an important factor, since a high salivary mutans streptococci count does not necessarily exert a cariogenic challenge (van Palenstein Helderman et al., 1996).Numerous factors affect the equilibrium among oral populations of micro-organisms, and several inhibitory substances have been identified, including mutacins (Fukushima et al., 1985;Caufield et al., 1985;Delisle, 1976). Mutacins are peptide or protein antibiotics that are mainly bactericidal for other bacteria of the same or closely related species, as well as for other Gram-positive micro-organisms, and are likely to confer an ecological advantage in diverse bacterial communities such as the dental biofilm (Parrot et al., 1990; Balakrishnan et al., 2002). Some studies have demonstrated that the mutacin activity of S. mutans could be related to the prevalence of this species in the dental biofilm, saliva and dental caries (Berkowitz and Jordan, 1975;Hillman et al., 1987).Classification of mutacin-producer strains based on their bactericidal activity...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of four different mutacin genes in Streptococcus mutans genotypes isolated from caries-free and caries-active individuals

Kamiya

Napimoga

Höfling

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children

Villhauer

Lynch

Warren

et al. 2017

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Early childhood caries is a complex health care issue that has a multifactorial etiology. One aspect of this etiology is the colonization and propagation of acidogenic bacteria at an early age. There have been several bacterial species associated with caries but 1 common species is Streptococcus mutans. Here, we describe genotypic diversity and commonality of Streptococcus mutans recovered from children representing 2 groups with similar socioeconomic demographics: a Northern Plains American Indian Tribe and a Southeast Iowa population. Forty 36‐month‐old American Indian children were selected from a cohort of 239 mothers and children, and forty 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children from Southeast Iowa were selected to compare the genotypic profiles of Streptococcus mutans recovered from each child's plaque. S. mutans isolates were selected from whole mouth plaque samples; DNA was extracted and amplified via AP‐PCR to show specific genotype patterns. These patterns were compared with GelComparIIv6.5 gel analysis software. We found 18 distinct genotypes from 524 isolates; 13 of which were common between the 2 communities. Five genotypes were unique to only the American Indian children while the Southeast Iowa children harbored no unique genotypes. Although the American Indian children had some genotypes that were not present in the Southeast Iowa children, these were not widely distributed among the community. Furthermore, the levels of genotypic diversity and commonality were similar between the 2 populations. This study sets the groundwork for a comprehensive comparison of genotypes and caries among larger subsections of both populations.

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Lessons Learned from Clinical Studies: Roles of Mutans Streptococci in the Pathogenesis of Dental Caries

Mattos-Graner

Klein

Smith³

2013

Curr Oral Health Rep

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Dental caries is a major health problem worldwide. This disease results from improper interactions between oral microorganisms and host that stimulate the establishment of cariogenic biofilms on tooth surfaces, whose high and sustained acidogenicity promotes demineralization of tooth tissues. These interactions are modulated by environmental factors, among which diet has significant impact, especially regarding its carbohydrate content. Although microorganisms are recognized as having a central role in dental caries, current approaches for intervening in the establishment of cariogenic biofilms are limited. In this review, we focus on clinical studies supporting the role of mutans streptococci (MS) as promoters of cariogenic microbiota. Functions of MS in this process are analyzed under the current knowledge about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans, the most well-known MS species. Effects of host immune responses on the establishment and pathogenesis of S. mutans are also discussed, further encouraging studies testing anti-MS therapies.

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Genotypic diversity and virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans in caries-free and caries-active individuals

Cited by 41 publications

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Frequency of four different mutacin genes in Streptococcus mutans genotypes isolated from caries-free and caries-active individuals

Frequency of four different mutacin genes in Streptococcus mutans genotypes isolated from caries-free and caries-active individuals

Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children

Lessons Learned from Clinical Studies: Roles of Mutans Streptococci in the Pathogenesis of Dental Caries

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