Genotypic distribution of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing children and adolescents in daycare centers, an outpatient clinic, and hospitals in a major Brazilian urban setting

Neto, Egidio Domingos André; Guerrero, Jaclyn; Snyder, Robert E.; Pereira, Renata Freire Alves; Freitas, Maria de Fátima Nogueira de; Silva-Santana, Giorgio; Riley, Lee W.; Aguiar-Alves, Fábio

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115058

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Here, we found at least 18 STs, and as in those studies [ 4 , 5 , 32 ], most isolates were of STs 30, 5, and 1, from the CC 30, 5 and 1, respectively. These are major lineages associated with community settings and are also detected in Brazilian studies colonizing and infecting hospitalized patients [ 38 – 42 ]. In addition, four STs that have never been described before were detected (STs 7618, 7742, 7743 and 7744).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity

Guimarães

Assunção²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) primarily affects the pediatric population, which is highly colonized by S. aureus. However, little is known about the genetic features of this microorganism and other staphylococcal species that colonize AD patients. Objective This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nares and skin (with and without lesion) of 30 AD and 12 non-AD Brazilian children. Methods Skin and nasal swabs were cultured onto mannitol salt agar, and bacterial colonies were counted and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests. In S. aureus isolates, Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected by PCR, and their clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Results S. aureus was more prevalent in the nares (P = 0.005) and lesional skin (P = 0.0002) of children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent in the skin of non-AD children (P < 0.0001). All children in the study, except one from each group, were colonized by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and 24% by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Despite the great clonal diversity of S. aureus (18 sequence types identified), most AD children (74.1%) were colonized by the same genotype in both niches. Conclusion High colonization by polyclonal S. aureus isolates was found among children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent among non-AD children. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates highlights the importance of continued surveillance, especially when considering empiric antibiotic therapy for the treatment of skin infections in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity

Guimarães

Assunção²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“… 36 For SCC mec IV MRSA, Tn Sha1 was more frequently detected amongst ST1635-SCC mec IV-t002 ( n = 10/16; 62.5%). This clonal lineage seems to have recently emerged in Brazil, and has also been reported in Vitória, Espirito Santo state, 37 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state 38 and Botucatu, São Paulo state. 39 However, none of these reports searched for triclosan resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

High frequency of increased triclosan MIC among CC5 MRSA and risk of misclassification of the SCCmec into types

Viana

Botelho

Feder

et al. 2022

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Background Typing of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements is commonly used for studies on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA. Objectives To perform an investigation centred on uncovering the reasons for misclassification of MRSA clonal complex 5 (CC5) SCCmec type II clinical isolates in our laboratory. Methods MRSA isolates from CC5 were subjected to WGS and SCCmec typing. Results This investigation led to the discovery that the classification failure was due to an insertion of IS1272 carrying the fabI gene on a transposable element (TnSha1) that confers increased MIC to the biocide triclosan. Genomic analysis revealed that fabI was present in 25% of the CC5 MRSA isolates sampled. The frequency of TnSha1 in our collection was much higher than that observed among publicly available genomes (0.8%; n = 24/3142 CC5 genomes). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that genomes in different CC5 clades carry TnSha1 inserted in different integration sites, suggesting that this transposon has entered CC5 MRSA genomes on multiple occasions. In at least two genotypes, ST5-SCCmecII-t539 and ST5-SCCmecII-t2666, TnSha1 seems to have entered prior to their divergence. Conclusions Our work highlights an important misclassification problem of SCCmecII in isolates harbouring TnSha1 when Boye’s method is used for typing, which could have important implications for molecular epidemiology of MRSA. The importance of increased-MIC phenotype is still a matter of controversy that deserves more study given the widespread use of triclosan in many countries. Our results suggest expanding prevalence that may indicate strong selection for this phenotype.

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“…In the present study, 45.88% of colonization and 80.70% invasive infection isolates were collected from patients over 60 years old. In a 1500 sample study carried out with children from the same geographical area, MRSA isolates were responsible for colonizing 151 (10.00%) subjects [31]. A recent study showed that the prevalence of high-income children colonized by MRSA in Brazil is similar to the rates found worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The antimicrobial profile was confirmed by antimicrobial susceptibility test using the disk-diffusion method Kirby-Bauer, as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [57], to confirm the resistance profile. The antimicrobial agents tested were: ciprofloxacin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), nitrofurantoin (300 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cefoxitin (30 µg), oxacillin (1 µg), rifampin ( 5 µg), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (23.75 µg/1.25 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), and penicillin (10 I.U..) and S. aureus HU25 as a positive control [31].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA extraction from Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was performed using the QIAamp ® DNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), according to the manufacturer's instructions. SCCmec typing, Spa typing, and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) were performed in all isolates as described previously [31,43,[58][59][60]. To detect β-lactam resistance (mecA), virulence factors [PVL, α-hemolysin, and ACME clusters (arcA and opp3AB)] and biofilm-related (icaC and icaR) genes, samples were tested by PCR, as previously described [18,43,61,62].…”

Section: Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm

Machado

Pinheiro

André

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.

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Genotypic distribution of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing children and adolescents in daycare centers, an outpatient clinic, and hospitals in a major Brazilian urban setting

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity

High frequency of increased triclosan MIC among CC5 MRSA and risk of misclassification of the SCCmec into types

Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm

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