GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GROWTH OF BANANAS (<i>MUSA</i> SPP.) INFECTED WITH MIGRATORY ENDOPARASITIC NEMATODES. 1. ROOTS

Kalorizou, H.; Gowen, S. R.

doi:10.1017/s0014479707004978

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In a controlled environment experiment in the UK, Kalorizou et al . (2007) found that resistance to nematodes (a major constraint to banana reduction in some places as a result of the damage they cause to primary roots) was associated with two clones (AAA and AABB) with greater root mass and more and larger primary roots than the other five cultivars tested. In Uganda (5°13′N alt.…”

Section: Crop Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF BANANA (MUSA SPP.)

Carr

2009

Ex. Agric.

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The results of research on the water relations and irrigation need of banana are collated and summarised in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to irrigation practices. Background information on the ecology of the banana and crop development processes, with emphasis on root growth and water uptake, is presented, followed by reviews of the influence of water stress on gas exchange (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration), crop water use, and yield. Emphasis is placed on research that has international relevance and, where appropriate, three geographical areas (the tropics, subtropics and Mediterranean climates) are considered. Although roots can extend to depths of 1.0-1.5 m, the 'effective' depth of rooting is usually taken to be 0-0.40 m, sometimes extending to 0.60 m. Stomatal conductance is a sensitive measure of soil water availability and plant water status, whilst transpiration rates can be limited by dry air (saturation deficits >2.0 kPa). In the subtropics, there are seasonal differences in the crop coefficient (Kc) with values ranging from 0.6 in the winter months to about 1.0 Epan in the summer. It is difficult to draw generic conclusions with wide applicability from the irrigation experiments as they were reported. All the components of marketable yield can be enhanced by irrigation whilst applying insufficient water delays crop development. Annual yield responses to irrigation are variable, but water use efficiencies of 40 kg ha −1 mm −1 (fresh fruit/water applied) have been achieved in the tropics and subtropics (and elsewhere up to 80 kg ha −1 mm −1 with 'partial' replacement of the soil water deficit). To ensure large yields of (marketable) fruit, soil water deficits must be kept low ( m > −20 kPa at 0.2 m depth). In the subtropics, this means irrigation intervals should not exceed 2-3 d during the summer. The cooling effect of irrigation with micro-sprinklers on the soil and pseudostem temperatures, compared with drippers, can delay crop development and reduce annual yields by 30%. There is some (limited) evidence that the presence of the B genome contributes to drought tolerance. Yield response factors to irrigation for different growth stages have yet to be confirmed. Opportunities to improve the water productivity of the many, diverse banana cultivars need to be explored further. I N T RO D U C T I O NAccording to Turner (1995), water is probably the most limiting non-biological factor affecting banana production. The need for irrigation varies between locations, whilst its justification in commercial terms depends on the purposes for which a crop is grown and its market value. For crops that have international commercial importance, integrated approaches to irrigation research should complement site specific, single discipline, usually empirical methodologies, which are still too common. To avoid duplication of effort, the first need is to collate existing (published) information on the water relations and irrigation needs of individual crops, and to attem...

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Section: Crop Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%