Genotypic determination of human group A rotaviruses from Goa and Meghalaya states, India

Abstract

Introduction Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhoea in young children in India, responsible for an estimated 21357 mean numbers of deaths in 2010. Various genotypes of rotaviruses evolved due to mutational changes have been recognized. In this study, we determined the genotypes of rotaviruses involved in diarrhea in Goa and Meghalaya states of India. Methods The dsRNA of rotaviruses was extracted from stool samples and detected by Ribonucleic Acid-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA PAGE) and Reverse transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the partial VP7 gene. The full length VP7 and partial VP4 genes of rotavirus strains were amplified by RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing. The RotaC classification tool was used to determine the genotypes. Results The positivity of rotavirus by PAGE and RT-PCR was observed to be 43.10% and 39.65% in Goa and 38% and 36% in Meghalaya, respectively. Though long electrophoretic profile was appeared to be the most predominant rotavirus type in circulation in these two states, 96% of long and 84.61% short electropherotype profiles could be detected by RT-PCR. The dsRNA of rotavirus extracted from 36 samples could be transcribed and amplified by beg9end9 primers for G genotyping, while, 41 by con3con2 primers for P genotyping. G1P[8] and G1P[6] genotypes were commonly circulated in Goa and G1P[8] and G1P[4] genotypes in Meghalaya. On nucleotide analysis, 6 samples from Goa showed G1 genotype specificity, while, 3 showed P[8] specificity indicating the G1P[8] rotavirus circulating in Goa. In Meghalaya state, 3 strains showed P[8] and 2 showed P[4] genotype specificity. The majority of the G and P genotypes were closely related to each other and G1 genotypes appeared in two separate clusters, while, P[8] and P[4] appeared in the respective clusters. Conclusion The circulation of G1P[8], G1P[6] genotypes in Goa and the presence of G1P[8] and G1P[4] genotypes in Meghalaya was observed.

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationship of VP6 Gene of Rotavirus among Canine, Porcine and Human Infants

“…RT-PCR is a highly advantageous technique which has been employed previously as a specific and sensitive molecular assay for detection of rotavirus VP6 gene. In the present study already published primer of Falcone (1999) (Raorane et al, 2020).…”

Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and VP4 genes of the most predominant human group A rotavirus G12 identified in children with acute gastroenteritis in Himachal Pradesh, India during 2013–2016

“…Northern region, 2.4%-18.2% in the Western region, 0.8%-5.6% in the Southern region, and 0.4%-25% in the Eastern region of India. 19,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Earlier, we documented the rotavirus disease burden in children aged <5 years, taking into account rotavirus positivity and strain diversity in HP (North India), where G12 was detected as the most predominant genotype mainly associated with P [6]. It was the first time in India to report such high rotavirus infection in children due to G12 strains in HP.…”

“…G12 rotaviruses have been reported at significant prevalence rates from different geographical regions of India since its first detection in 2001; and observed in combination with various P‐types mainly with P[6] and P[8] and rarely with P[4] and P[11] 10–12,19,23–26 . Literature reviewed from 2001 to 2016 showed the proportion of rotavirus infections attributed to G12 strains ranged from 0.5% to 33% in the Northern region, 2.4%–18.2% in the Western region, 0.8%–5.6% in the Southern region, and 0.4%–25% in the Eastern region of India 19,26–32 . Earlier, we documented the rotavirus disease burden in children aged <5 years, taking into account rotavirus positivity and strain diversity in HP (North India), where G12 was detected as the most predominant genotype mainly associated with P[6].…”

A Novel Wind Speed Interval Prediction System Based on Neural Network and Multi-objective Grasshopper Optimization

“…MOGOA is a new type of optimization algorithm [37]. e GOA algorithm has a strong exploration advantage on the whole [38], which ensures that the algorithm has a strong global search ability, and avoids stopping in the local optimization.…”