Genotypic Characterization of Emerging Avian Reovirus Genetic Variants in California

Egaña-Labrin, Sofia; Hauck, Rüdiger; Figueroa, Alejandra; Stoute, Simone; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Crispo, Manuela; Corsiglia, Charles; Zhou, Huaijun; Kern, Colin; Crossley, Beate; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45494-4

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Based on the σC protein sequence, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that our isolates from wild birds belonged to GC I, which is the predominant cluster in chicken-origin ARVs ( 28 ). This includes commercial vaccine isolates and induces the production of the disease in chickens by experimental infection ( 8 , 40 ). Genetic similarities of ARVs from wild birds and poultry support the hypothesis of circulation of ARVs between wild birds and poultry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

et al. 2022

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Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous in domestic poultry with 80% of them being non-pathogenic and they are frequently found in clinically healthy birds. ARVs have also been known to be the etiological agents of viral arthritis (VA), tenosynovitis, myocarditis, runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), and respiratory and enteric disease in chickens. Significant economic losses during the process of poultry husbandry are due, in part, to unmitigated ARV infections throughout the poultry industry. Recently, many isolates shared genetic similarities between those recovered from wild birds and those recovered from poultry. One explanation may be that there is a degree of spillover and spillback of ARVs between the two groups. However, studies on the role of wild birds in the epidemiology and pathogenicity of ARVs are insufficient. Here, we describe the pathogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens of ARV originating from wild birds. The challenge experiment was conducted in six groups including a negative control group, a positive control group (reference strain of S1133), and four groups (A15-157, A18-13, A18-205, A19-106) infected with ARVs from wild birds. The 7-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with 106TCID50 ARV to evaluate the clinical signs, changes in weight gain, gross lesions, histological changes, virus replication, and serum antibody levels. The peak of clinical signs was from 3 to 5 days post infection (dpi). In addition, the death of one chicken was found in the group infected with the A18-13 isolate. Reduced body weight was also found in chickens infected with ARVs from wild birds compared to the negative control group. All the ARVs infection groups showed noticeable swelling of the footpad. In addition, ARVs were detected in the bursa, tendon, and hock joint by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in all infected groups at 5 and 15 dpi. Histopathological observations revealed acute inflammatory responses on the synovium covering the joint surfaces (arthritis) and tendon sheaths (tenosynovitis), as well as bursa atrophy and lymphocyte depletion. The analysis of the humoral response was performed by ELISA assay, and chickens infected with ARVs showed seroconverted. In conclusion, this study described the typical severe disease of acute VA and tenosynovitis in SPF chickens infected with ARVs derived from wild birds. This study confirmed the pathogenicity of ARVs infection in SPF chickens for the first time, and these results enrich our understanding of the pathogenicity of ARVs derived from wild birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

et al. 2022

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“…We have previously applied SISPA strategy for whole genome sequencing of avian single strain RNA viruses, including avian influenza virus, Coronavirus and Paramyxovirus [26]. In 2012, there were a few reports that regards to a newly emerging reovirus in USA and China in avian species [15,17,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avian Orthoreoviruses (ARVs) have been isolated from enteric disease syndromes, myocarditis, hepatitis, arthritis/tenosynovitis, malabsorbstion syndrome in commercial poultry and are responsible for economic loss in poultry worldwide [12][13][14]. Recently, newly emerging avian reovirus variants were isolated in the USA [15][16][17] or China [18]. The molecular characterization of avian reoviruses is based on amplification of the amino acid sequence of the Sigma C. Sigma C is a major antigenic determinant of ARVs and the most genetically variable gene within the reovirus genome [16,[19][20][21].…”

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confidence: 99%

A universal, single primer amplification protocol (R-SPA) to perform whole genome sequencing of segmented dsRNA reoviruses

Chrząstek

Kapczynski

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe Reoviridae family represents the largest family of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, and the members have been isolated from a wide range of mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects, plants. Orthoreoviruses, one of the 15 recognized genera in the Reoviridae family, can infect humans and nearly all mammals, and birds. Genomic characterization of reoviruses has not been adopted on a large-scale due to the complexity of obtaining sequences for all 10 segments.ResultsIn this study, we developed a time-efficient, and practical method to enrich reovirus sequencing reads from isolates that allowed for full genome recovery using single-primer amplification method coupled with next generation sequencing. We refer to this protocol as reovirus-Single Primer Amplification (R-SPA). Our results demonstrated that most of the genes were covered with at least 500 reads per base space. Furthermore, R-SPA covered both 5’ and 3’ end of each reovirus genes.ConclusionA universal and fast amplification protocol that yields double-stranded cDNA in sufficient abundance and facilitates and expedites the whole genome sequencing of reoviruses was presented in this study.

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“…We classified reovirus isolates in this study based on the σC protein, all isolates belonged to genotypic cluster I, which is the predominant cluster in chicken-origin ARVs and includes commercial vaccine isolates (Figure 3) (8,53). Similar results in wild birds were described in the UK and ARV isolated from free-living magpie (Pica pica) belonged to genotypic cluster I (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…For the σNS protein, deduced amino acid substitutions at positions 72, 121, 152, 158, 160, 162, 218, 254, 273, and 350 were observed for all isolates with respect to S1133 (Table 3). These substitutions were also observed for the Californian chicken-origin isolate K1600657 that was associated with severe clinical signs (53). These findings suggested that pathotyping based on the σC protein has limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Avian Reovirus From Wild Birds in South Korea

et al. 2022

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Avian reoviruses (ARVs) cause severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and depressed growth in chickens, and these conditions have become increasingly frequent in recent years. Studies on the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ARVs are insufficient. This study provides information about currently circulating ARVs in wild birds by gene detection using diagnostic RT-PCR, virus isolation, and genomic characterization. In this study, we isolated and identified 10 ARV isolates from 7,390 wild birds' fecal samples, including migratory bird species (bean goose, Eurasian teal, Indian spot-billed duck, and mallard duck) from 2015 to 2019 in South Korea. On comparing the amino acid sequences of the σC-encoding gene, most isolates, except A18-13, shared higher sequence similarity with the commercial vaccine isolate S1133 and Chinese isolates. However, the A18-13 isolate is similar to live attenuated vaccine av-S1133 and vaccine break isolates (SD09-1, LN09-1, and GX110116). For the p10- and p17-encoding genes, all isolates have identical fusion associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein and nuclear localization signal (SNL) motif to chicken-origin ARVs. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the σC-encoding gene revealed that all isolates were belonged to genotypic cluster I. For the p10- and p17-encoding genes, the nucleotide sequences of all isolates indicated close relationship with commercial vaccine isolate S1133 and Chinese isolates. For the σNS-encoding gene, the nucleotide sequences of all isolates indicated close relationship with the Californian chicken-origin isolate K1600657 and belonged to chicken-origin ARV cluster. Our data indicates that wild birds ARVs were derived from the chicken farms. This finding suggests that wild birds serve as natural carriers of such viruses for domestic poultry.

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Genotypic Characterization of Emerging Avian Reovirus Genetic Variants in California

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

A universal, single primer amplification protocol (R-SPA) to perform whole genome sequencing of segmented dsRNA reoviruses

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Avian Reovirus From Wild Birds in South Korea

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