Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of MBL Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from the Non-hospital Environment

Abstract

The non-hospital environment particularly poultry farms and abattoirs are fast becoming reservoir channels for the transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria including those that produce metallo beta-lactamases (MBLs). Foodproducing animal's habouring multidrug resistant bacteria including those that produce metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) poses health risks to the human population. This study investigated the prevalence of bla IMP-1 and bla VIM-1 MBL genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from food-producing animals by multiplex PCR technique. Anal swab samples (n=120) were bacteriologically analyzed on cetrimide selective agar for the selective isolation of P. aeruginosa isolates. Antibiogram was carried out as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) criteria. The production of MBLs was detected phenotypically and genotypically using the modified Hodges test method and multiplex PCR technique respectively. DNA products were run on 1.5 % agarose gel, and visualized using a UV transilluminator at 260 nm. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 23.0. Out of the 120 anal swab samples, a total of 43 (35.8 %) isolates of P. aeruginosa was bacteriologically recovered. The P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin (88.4 %), cefotaxime (81.4 %), gentamicin (79.1 %), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (72.1 %), oxacillin (76.7 %), nitrofurantoin (76.7 %), meropenem (62.8 %), ofloxacin (67.4 %), imipenem (65.1 %) and cloxacillin (69.8 %). MBL was phenotypically detected in 15 (34.9 %) isolates of P. aeruginosa. However, the multiplex PCR technique significantly confirmed MBL production in only 12 (27.9) isolates of P. aeruginosa (p<0.001) that harboured the bla IMP-1 MBL genes. The bla VIM-1 MBL genes were not detected in the MBL positive P. aeruginosa phenotypes. The P. aeruginosa isolates that harboured the bla IMP-1 MBL genes were found to be multiply resistant. This study reported for the first time the prevalence of bla IMP-1 MBL genes from P. aeruginosa isolates from anal swab samples of food-producing animals in Abakaliki, Nigeria. The long-term exposure of food-producing animals to antibiotics could cause accumulation of antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of these animals.

Molecular Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nonclinical Environment: Public Health Implications in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

“…The resistance profiles of the isolates revealed 63.9% and 55.6% resistance to the second- and third-generation cephalosporin, respectively (ceftazidime and cefepime) and low resistance to aminoglycosides. The observed resistance pattern in cephalosporins observed in the current study is at par with the previous report of Ejikeugwu et al [ 28 ] but lower compared to that of Tapela et al [ 29 , 36 ] with a 100% resistance rate. However, Benie et al from Cote d'Ivoire [ 37 ] reported lower rates of resistance of 6.9% and 17% to ceftazidime and cefepime, respectively.…”

Antibiotic resistant gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from non-clinical environment: public health implications in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

“…In this study, 65.4% of the isolates recovered were P. aeruginosa, 27.3% were P. uorescens, while Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia cepacia constituted 5.5% and 1.8% respectively from abattoir wastewater and surface water (Mthatha dam) during the study period. In agreement with our studies, Igbinosa et al, Ejikeugwu et al and Tapela and Rahube, [6,31,32] have all reported the occurrence of P. aeruginosa and other species from hospital drains, environmental, and wastewater networks from various parts of the world. The occurrence of these microorganisms is a cause of concern given that they are opportunistic human pathogens and can infect people whose immunity are compromised [33].…”

“…A similar low rate of resistance to amikacin (19%) but slightly higher rate to gentamicin (28.5%) was reported by a study carried out in Egypt [40]. However, an elevated resistance rate of 79% in gentamicin had been reported by a study carried out in Nigeria [31]. Amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin are rst or second line empirical drugs of choice in the access group of antibiotics for treating common or severe clinical conditions [42]; particularly, inhaled tobramycin is used to eradicate early infections in cystic brosis while amikacin and gentamicin are also used in combination therapy with other antibiotics to improve overall e cacy [43].…”

“…Table 1 shows the resistance pro les of the isolates and reveals 63.9% and 55.6% resistance to second and third generation cephalosporin respectively (ceftazidime and cefepime) and low resistance to aminoglycosides. The observed resistance pattern in cephalosporins observed in the current study is at par with previous report of Ejikeugwu et al [31], but lower compared to that of Tapela and Rahube, and Elhariri et al [32,40] with 100% resistance rate. However, Benie et al from Cote d'Ivoire [41] reported lower rates of resistance of 6.9% and 17% to ceftazidime and cefepime respectively.…”

First phenotypic and molecular characterization of clinical isolates of drug resistant Providencia rettgeri in Imo state, South-Eastern Nigeria.

“…Providencia rettgeri has been previously reported to be often resistant to multiple antibiotics [5]. In a study conducted in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria, it was found that all Providencia species were sensitive to cephalosporins including ceftazidime, cefuroxime, and cefixime [13,14]. Strikingly, majority of the isolates in our study had MARI greater than 0.…”