Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> from different oral cavity sites of caries‐free and caries‐active children

Lembo, F. L.; Longo, Priscila Larcher; Ota-Tsuzuki, Cláudia; Rodrigues, Célia Regina Martins Delgado; Mayer, Márcia Pinto Alves

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00361.x

Cited by 55 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This agrees with a previous study that evaluated samples of saliva, tongue and biofilm collected from children (12). This finding suggests that saliva samples may reflect at least those genotypes present at higher proportions in teeth biofilms, independent of the conditions in which the biofilm was formed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This finding suggests that saliva samples may reflect at least those genotypes present at higher proportions in teeth biofilms, independent of the conditions in which the biofilm was formed. In addition, the genotypes present in saliva and biofilm samples were distinct among the volunteers (12). As previously mentioned, we hypothesized that salivary genotypes would be selectively found in dental biofilm under different stress conditions induced by sugars exposure, but this hypothesis cannot be either confirmed or rejected due to the low genotypic diversity found in saliva of each volunteer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…There is evidence that S. mutans strains, representing distinct AP-PCR patterns, show significant different virulence capacities (12,14) and, this might probably explain the higher ability of sucrose genotypes in producing EPS. Also, these distinct virulence abilities of S. mutans genotypes could explain the higher cariogenicity of a biofilm formed in presence of sucrose (4,8), emphasizing that the modifications induced by microorganisms in dental biofilm are more important than their levels in biofilm (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, EPS have been considered virulence factors of the bacteria present in dental biofilm (9) and it has been shown that caries incidence might be more related to the capacity of specific S. mutans strains to synthesize insoluble EPS than to their proportions in dental biofilm (10). Therefore, some studies have shown that the oral cavity may present distinct genotypes of S. mutans, not only in saliva but also in dental biofilm (11,12). Additionally, under frequent sucrose exposure, clinical findings suggest that there was an increase in genotypic diversity of S. mutans in the oral cavity (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure

et al. 2007

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In situ dental biofilm composition under sugar exposure is well known, but sugar effect on the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm has not been explored. This study evaluated S. mutans genotypic diversity in dental biofilm formed in situ under frequent exposure to sucrose and its monosaccharide constituents (glucose and fructose). Saliva of 7 volunteers was collected for isolation of S. mutans and the same volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances, containing enamel slabs, which were submitted to the following treatments: distilled and deionized water (negative control), 10% glucose + 10% fructose (fermentable carbohydrates) solution or 20% sucrose (fermentable and EPS inductor) solution, 8x/day. After 3, 7 and 14 days, the biofilms were colleted and S. mutans colonies were isolated. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) of S. mutans showed that salivary genotypes were also detected in almost all biofilm samples, independently of the treatment, and seemed to reflect those genotypes present at higher proportion in biofilms. In addition to the salivary genotypes, others were found in biofilms but in lower proportions and were distinct among treatment. The data suggest that the in situ model seems to be useful to evaluate genotypic diversity of S. mutans, but, under the tested conditions, it was not possible to clearly show that specific genotypes were selected in the biofilm due to the stress induced by sucrose metabolism or simple fermentation of its monosaccharides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure

et al. 2007

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“…As a result of the differences in their genetic repertoire, S. mutans strains also exhibit phenotypic variability (3,16,20,36,53). Notably, the evidence suggests that not all the strains are equally virulent in promoting dental caries (18,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of Putative Virulence Genes in Streptococcus mutans Strains Does Not Correlate with Caries Experience

Argimón

Caufield

2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Streptococcus mutans, a member of the human oral flora, is a widely recognized etiological agent of dental caries. The cariogenic potential of S. mutans is related to its ability to metabolize a wide variety of sugars, form a robust biofilm, produce copious amounts of lactic acid, and thrive in the acid environment that it generates. The remarkable genetic variability present within the species is reflected at the phenotypic level, notably in the differences in the cariogenic potential between strains. However, the genetic basis of these differences is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we surveyed by PCR and DNA hybridization the distribution of putative virulence genes, genomic islands, and insertion sequences across a collection of 33 strains isolated from either children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) or those who were caries free (CF). We found this genetically diverse group of isolates to be remarkably homogeneous with regard to the distribution of the putative virulence genes and genetic elements analyzed. Our findings point to the role of other factors in the pathogenesis of S-ECC, such as uncharacterized virulence genes, differences in gene expression and/or enzymatic activity, cooperation between S. mutans strains or with other members of the oral biota, and host factors.

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Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children

Villhauer

Lynch

Warren

et al. 2017

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Early childhood caries is a complex health care issue that has a multifactorial etiology. One aspect of this etiology is the colonization and propagation of acidogenic bacteria at an early age. There have been several bacterial species associated with caries but 1 common species is Streptococcus mutans. Here, we describe genotypic diversity and commonality of Streptococcus mutans recovered from children representing 2 groups with similar socioeconomic demographics: a Northern Plains American Indian Tribe and a Southeast Iowa population. Forty 36‐month‐old American Indian children were selected from a cohort of 239 mothers and children, and forty 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children from Southeast Iowa were selected to compare the genotypic profiles of Streptococcus mutans recovered from each child's plaque. S. mutans isolates were selected from whole mouth plaque samples; DNA was extracted and amplified via AP‐PCR to show specific genotype patterns. These patterns were compared with GelComparIIv6.5 gel analysis software. We found 18 distinct genotypes from 524 isolates; 13 of which were common between the 2 communities. Five genotypes were unique to only the American Indian children while the Southeast Iowa children harbored no unique genotypes. Although the American Indian children had some genotypes that were not present in the Southeast Iowa children, these were not widely distributed among the community. Furthermore, the levels of genotypic diversity and commonality were similar between the 2 populations. This study sets the groundwork for a comprehensive comparison of genotypes and caries among larger subsections of both populations.

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Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Streptococcus mutans from different oral cavity sites of caries‐free and caries‐active children

Abstract: The present data suggested that there were differences in the distribution of genotypes of S. mutans according to the oral site and that S. mutans populations differ in their acid susceptibility and ability to form biofilms, factors allowing their colonization of sucrose-rich environments.

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure

Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure

Distribution of Putative Virulence Genes in Streptococcus mutans Strains Does Not Correlate with Caries Experience

Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children

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