Genotypic and ecological variability of zinc content in the grain of spring bread wheat varieties in the international nursery KASIB

Abstract

Spring bread wheat is the staple crop in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, a significant portion of which goes for export. Wheat breeding with a high level of zinc in wheat grain is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to address zinc deficiency in the diet. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the factors ‘location’ and ‘genotype’ in the variability of zinc content in wheat grain, and to identify the best varieties as sources of this trait for breeding. The research on screening zinc content in the wheat grain of 49 spring bread wheat varieties from the KazakhstanSiberia Spring Wheat Trial (KASIB) nursery was carried out at 4 sites in Russia (Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk) and 2 sites in Kazakhstan (Karabalyk and Shortandy) in 2017–2018. The content of zinc in wheat grain was evaluated at the Ionomic Facility of University of Nottingham in the framework of the EU project European Plant Phenotyping Network-2020. The analysis of variance showed that the main contribution into the general phenotypic variation of the studied trait, 38.7 %, was made by the factor ‘location’ due to different contents of zinc and moisture in the soil of trial sites; the effect of the factor ‘year’ was 13.5 %, and the effect of the factor ‘genotype’ was 8.0 %. The most favorable environmental conditions for accumulation of zinc in wheat grain were observed in the Omsk region. In Omsk, the average zinc content in all studied varieties was 50.4 mg/kg, with 63.7 mg/kg in the best variety ‘OmGAU 100’. These values are higher than the target values of the international program Harvest Plus. ‘Novosibirskaya 16’ (49.4 mg/kg), ‘Silach’ (48.4 mg/kg), ‘Line 4-10-16’ (47.2 mg/kg), ‘Element 22’ (46.3 mg/kg) and ‘Lutescens 248/01’ (46.0 mg/kg) were identified as being the best varieties. Significant possibilities for the production of wheat grain with high zinc content, which is in demand for the production of bread and pastry products with functional properties, were identified in the Western Siberian region.

Resistance to Brown and Stem Rust in Spring Soft Wheat Varieties in the Arid Climate of Northern Kazakhstan

“…According to our data, the standard variety Akmola 2 and other samples from Kazakhstan produced yields of 2.14-2.83 t/ha, while varieties of foreign origin have a productivity of 1.25-2.79 t/ha, lagging behind the local breeding varieties by 10-30%. This can be explained by the fact that local varieties are more adapted to the soil and climate of northern Kazakhstan, which agrees with the results obtained by other scholars (Shamanin et al, 2021;Morgounov et al, 2022).…”

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

“…To date, many germplasm lines surpass the target values fixed by HarvestPlus ( ). As an example, Russian spring bread wheat germplasm “Novosibirskaya 16”, “Silach”, “Line 4-10-16”, “Element 22”, and “Lutescens 248/01” had seed Zn content in the range of 46 –49 mg kg −1 seed dry weight (SDW) ( Shamanin et al., 2021 ), while the provitamin A content of orange maize landrace from Malawi met the target level (15 μg g −1 SDW) of biofortification ( Hwang et al., 2016 ). Several maize inbreds containing a high amount of β-carotene were also above the HarvestPlus biofortification target ( Ashokkumar et al., 2020 ; Azmach et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Several maize inbreds containing a high amount of β-carotene were also above the HarvestPlus biofortification target ( Ashokkumar et al., 2020 ; Azmach et al., 2021 ). Yet, and despite these progresses, the environment (E) and genotype × environment (G ×E) interaction are still a major obstacle in breeding for improved seed quality traits, including seed Fe, Zn, and β-carotene ( Khokhar et al., 2018 ; Kumar et al., 2019 ; Mengesha et al., 2019 ; Gangashetty et al., 2021 ; Gasura et al, 2021 ; Shamanin et al., 2021 ). A multilocation evaluation will help in identifying the locations that are favorable for the production of nutrient-dense food crops with specific quality attributes and identification of potential lines for varietal release.…”

Grain quality evaluation of modern spring bread wheat varieties from KASIB-22 nursery in the Urals and Western Siberia

“…Международная программа КАСИБ, используя сеть широкого экологического сортоиспытания в России и Казахстане, способствует созданию современных сортов пшеницы с высокой урожайностью, хорошими питательными и хлебопекарными свойствами зерна [1,3]. Внедрение такого рода сортов в производство актуально для зернопроизводящих и хлебопекарных предприятий в Западно-Сибирском и Уральском регионах РФ и может внести определенный вклад в повышение качества зерна пшеницы, используемой на хлебопекарные цели.…”