Genotypes of multiple allozyme loci interact with an experimental environment to affect survivorship in earthworms (Eisenia andrei)

McElroy, Thomas; Presley, Morgan L.; Diehl, Walter J.

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00053-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, in molluscs (Singh & Zouros, 1978) and crustaceans (Bierne, Beuzart, Vonau, Bonhomme, & Bédier, 2000;Diehl & Biesiot, 1994) heterozygous individuals usually present better growth. Likewise, better survival has been reported in heterozygous individuals in birds (Velando, Barros, & Moran, 2015) and annelids (McElroy, Presley, & Diehl, 1999). Inbred crosses often result in a decrease in fertility (i.e., offspring number), as observed in arthropods (Lihoreau, Zimmer, & Rivault, 2008;Müller & Müller, 2016), and as a result offspring production is one of the life history traits that has received the most attention in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing offspring in Armadillidium vulgare: Effects of genetic diversity and inbreeding

Durand

Loiseau

Prigot

et al. 2018

Evolution and Development

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Genetic diversity is known to be correlated to fitness traits, and inbred individuals often display lower values for life history traits. In this study, we attempt to quantify how inbreeding affects such traits in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare by performing inbred and non-inbred crosses under laboratory conditions. We estimated genetic characteristics of parents and offspring, and related them to fecundity and fertility measures, as well as offspring growth and survival. Our study shows that a decrease in offspring number might result from mortality around birth, but not to changes in fecundity, fertilization rate, or developmental failure between inbred and non-inbred crosses. More heterozygous females tended to be bigger and had a higher fecundity, which could have implications in mate choice. No effect of inbreeding was detected on offspring growth and survival. These results can be related to previously observed effects of genetic characteristics on mating strategies in A. vulgare, and could shed light on mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in this species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing offspring in Armadillidium vulgare: Effects of genetic diversity and inbreeding

Durand

Loiseau

Prigot

et al. 2018

Evolution and Development

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“…The seasonal and annual variations in enzyme activity were reflected by higher activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in A. caliginosa and L. terrestris in the late summer in comparison with spring and summer. Soil temperature and moisture affect earthworm growth and fitness (Presley et al 1996) and genotype of enzymes interact with environment to affect survivorship (McElroy et al 1999).Thus, it can be said that the seasonal changes in enzyme specific activity and protein content were largely affected by the seasonal fluctuations in soil temperature, moisture, food availability and physiological condition of the earthworm. Therefore, the present findings on seasonal alterations in biochemical machinery of earthworms may be of profitable use because physiological adaptations are very important for the optimal growth of vermiresources in culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in aerobic and anaerobic dehydrogenases and protein levels of three tropical earthworm species with respect to different seasons

2010

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The specific activities of cMDH, mMDH and LDH of earthworms (M. posthuma, P. sansibaricus, L. mauritii) started increasing with the onset of favorable seasonal conditions from July to August. A lower temperature and moisture favor the increase in specific activities of enzymes during post-rainy (September-October) and winter (November-January) seasons. The maximum specific activities of enzymes from December to January indicate greater aerobic and anaerobic energy production to cope up with the cold condition. However, the enzyme activities decreased in summer (February-April) with the increase in the ambient temperature. The specific activities were minimum in summer (May-June) as earthworms would be entering quiescent phase to avoid extreme heat and thus showed least energy requirement in this period. Similar seasonal variations were found in the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins. The maximum and minimum seasonal effects were on the epigeic (P. sansibaricus) and endo-anecic (M. posthuma) earthworms, respectively. The differences in the profile of dehydrogenases and proteins may be assigned to the differences in the ecological categories of earthworms.

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“…The earthworms used in these analyses were a subset of an experimental population that has been described previously (Presley et al, 1996;McElroy et al, 1999). We used E. andrei from three soil moisture/temperature treatments (3 ml H 2 O/g dry peat moss, 151C (n ¼ 64); 3 ml/g, 201C (n ¼ 87); 4 ml/g, 151C (n ¼ 99)) that promoted similar growth curves (Figure 1) and had sufficient survivorship for the analyses reported here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Pecon Slattery et al (1993) reported a significant relationship between heterozygosity and age class in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, but the relationship was not consistent over a 3-year sampling period. Consistency of MLH-fitness relationships has also been lacking from a series of studies on Eisenia andrei (Diehl, 1988;Audo and Diehl, 1995;McElroy et al, 1999;McElroy and Diehl, 2001), although some of this inconsistency disappears when a common set of loci are used (Audo and Diehl, 1995). In the above studies, inbreeding, migration, selective mortality, and ontogenetic effects may have affected heterozygosity-fitness relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic change in relative performance of allozyme genotypes influences detection of heterosis in the earthworm Eisenia andrei

McElroy

Diehl

2004

Heredity

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The effect of ontogeny on relationships between allozyme genotypes and fresh weight was measured weekly throughout the life history of the earthworm Eisenia andrei to test the hypothesis that there is an ontogenetic component to variation in such relationships. Two of six allozyme loci showed a significant increase in apparent heterosis with ontogeny, while one locus showed a significant decrease in apparent heterosis. Three loci showed a significant decrease in the performance of common homozygotes with ontogeny. Patterns of relative genotypic performance varied among loci, but the cumulative effect was an increase in apparent allozyme heterosis later in ontogeny coinciding with a series of positive relationships between multilocus heterozygosity and fresh weight. The results could not be used to determine whether these patterns were caused by selection acting on the loci directly or on loci tightly linked to allozyme loci. However, because the same individuals were used throughout this study and thus allele frequencies and heterozygote deficiency were constant, the presence of both ontogenetic effects and differences in such patterns among loci is not compatible with a general inbreeding effect. Examining relative genotypic performance repetitively using the same individuals through ontogeny or in different environments is a very powerful experimental design for testing the effects of inbreeding or other populational factors.

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Genotypes of multiple allozyme loci interact with an experimental environment to affect survivorship in earthworms (Eisenia andrei)

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Producing offspring in Armadillidium vulgare: Effects of genetic diversity and inbreeding

Producing offspring in Armadillidium vulgare: Effects of genetic diversity and inbreeding

Alterations in aerobic and anaerobic dehydrogenases and protein levels of three tropical earthworm species with respect to different seasons

Ontogenetic change in relative performance of allozyme genotypes influences detection of heterosis in the earthworm Eisenia andrei

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