Genotype–phenotype characteristics of 57 patients with Prader–Willi syndrome: a single-center experience from Turkey

Abstract

Objectives Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare and complex genetic disorder caused by the loss of expression of the paternal copy of the imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11-q13. A variety of findings have been reported on the phenotypic differences between the genetic subtypes of PWS. This article compares the clinical findings of 57 PWS patients by genetic subtype and explores possible associations in this context. Methods Methylation‑specific multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification and single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays were used to diagnose deletion and uniparental disomy (UPD). For phenotype–genotype correlation, clinical data were collected and genetic subgroups were compared statistically, and P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results These 57 patients consisted of 15 type I deletions, 20 type II deletions, six atypic deletions, 11 heterodisomy UPD, four isodisomy UPD, and one translocation-type PWS. All patients had hypotonia, poor neonatal sucking, and feeding difficulties during infancy. Other PWS-related clinical findings, such as speech articulation problems (85.9%), sleep apnea (77.2%), normal birth length (71.9%), small hands/feet (71.9%), childhood polyphagia (57.9%), clinodactyly (56.1%), thick viscous saliva (54.4%), and behavioral problems (50.9%) were observed at varying rates with no statistical difference between genetic subtypes in general. Conclusion This study highlights the phenotype–genotype associations on PWS from a cohort of Turkish pediatric patients as a single-center experience.