Genotype–Environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change

Vranken, Sofie; Wernberg, Thomas; Scheben, Armin; Severn‐Ellis, Anita A.; Batley, Jacqueline; Bayer, Philipp E.; Edwards, David; Wheeler, David A.; Coleman, Melinda A.

doi:10.1111/mec.15993

Cited by 51 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Extreme warming events can have devastating effects on kelp forests, with response (Wernberg et al 2018) and recovery determined by genetic diversity (Coleman & Wernberg 2020, Coleman et al 2020a, Gurgel et al 2020, Vranken et al 2021. Overall, we found that warming events (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Thus, selection for more tolerant genotypes may lead to the gradual evolution of populations with increased thermal tolerance. Furthermore, genetic variation is an important characteristic for natural selection in populations under stressful conditions (Chevin et al 2010, Kelly 2019 that could have substantial effects on the adaptive capacity of kelp populations in a warming environment (Coleman & Wernberg 2020, Vranken et al 2021. Indeed, understanding G×E interactions is key to identifying the relations between stress, plasticity and adaptive evolutionary potential within populations (Liesner et al 2020b).…”

Section: G×e Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, understanding G×E interactions is key to identifying the relations between stress, plasticity and adaptive evolutionary potential within populations (Liesner et al 2020b). Gene flow is one process that could increase or decrease the magnitude of G×E interactions, and with the limited dispersal capacity in kelp populations and low amounts of gene flow from distant populations, this could facilitate local adaptation (King et al 2018, Liesner et al 2020a, Miller et al 2020, Vranken et al 2021) and potentially maladaptation. MHWs may, however, be too extreme for local adaptation and instead lead to massive and cryptic loss of genetic diversity within populations (Gurgel et al 2020) that may compromise their longer-term ability to respond to change.…”

Section: G×e Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic variation in response to extreme events may facilitate kelp adaptation under future climates

Alsuwaiyan

Vranken

Filbee‐Dexter

et al. 2021

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have caused declines in many kelp forests globally. Although the ecological effects of these climatic extremes have been well examined, studies on the role of genotypic variation in underpinning population responses under pressures are lacking. Understanding how kelps respond to different warming profiles and, in particular, intraspecific variation in responses is necessary to confidently anticipate the future of kelp forests, yet this remains a critical knowledge gap for most species. This study examined the responses of early life stages of 9 different genotypes of the Australian kelp Ecklonia radiata to different MHW profiles, where cumulative heat intensity was kept constant: control treatment (constant 19°C), heat spikes (fluctuating 19-23°C), low intensity MHW (ramp up 23°C) and high intensity MHW (ramp up 27°C). Overall, we found significant declines in E. radiata gametophyte performance in all MHW treatments and delays in sporophyte recruitment during MHW exposure. We also found significant genotype by environment (G×E) interactions, suggesting tolerance to acute thermal stress is influenced by genetic variation. Our results showed that offspring from different genotypes within the same population respond differently to MHWs, indicating that some genotypes are susceptible to MHWs while others are more resistant. While the effects on standing genetic variation and subsequent susceptibility to other stressors are unknown, our findings suggest that in addition to immediate impacts on marine organisms, natural genotypic variation in response to thermal anomalies may facilitate the gradual evolution of populations with increased thermal tolerance under future climates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: G×e Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G×e Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genotypic variation in response to extreme events may facilitate kelp adaptation under future climates

Alsuwaiyan

Vranken

Filbee‐Dexter

et al. 2021

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…These technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), are becoming available for studying population genetics in non-model organisms including kelps, such as reduced-representation sequencing (RRS) (Rad-seq SNPs: Guzinski et al 2018Guzinski et al , 2020Vranken et al 2021;Reynes et al, 2021) and whole genome sequencing (WGS, Graf et al 2021). In contrast with microsatellite loci that inform about patterns of genetic variation that result from neutral or stochastic processes; these new population genomic approaches characterized by a better covering of the genome allow to search for loci associated with coding regions and can be used to quantify adaptive variation, and inform about functional deterministic processes such as selection.…”

Section: Potential Uses Of the New Developed Microsatellites And Species Identification Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of tools to rapidly identify cryptic species and characterize their genetic diversity in different European kelp species

et al. 2021

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Marine ecosystems formed by kelp forests are severely threatened by global change and local coastline disturbances in many regions. In order to take appropriate conservation, mitigation and restoration actions, it is crucial to identify the most diverse populations which could serve as a "reservoir" of genetic diversity. This requires the development of specific tools, such as microsatellite markers to investigate the level and spatial distribution of genetic diversity. Here, we tested new polymorphic microsatellite loci from the genome of the kelp, Laminaria digitata, and tested them for cross-amplification and polymorphism in four closely related congeneric species (Laminaria hyperborea, Laminaria ochroleuca, Laminaria rodriguezii and Laminaria pallida). Adding these 20 new microsatellite loci to the ten L. digitata loci previously developed by Billot et al. (1998) and Brenan et al. (2014) and to the ten L. ochroleuca loci previously developed by Coelho et al. (2014), we retained a total of 30 polymorphic loci for L. digitata, 21 for L. hyperborea, 16 for L ochroleuca, 18 for L. rodriguezii and 12 for L.pallida. These markers have been tested for the first time in the last two species. As predicted, the proportion of markers that cross-amplified between species decreased with increasing genetic distance. In addition, as problems of species identification were reported in this family, mainly between L. digitata and Hedophyllum nigripes, but also between L. digitata, L. hyperborea and L. ochroleuca in areas where their range distributions overlap, we report a rapid PCR identification method based on species-specific COI mitochondrial primers that allows these four species of kelp to be rapidly distinguished.

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“… 9 – 11 . Concerningly, these marginal populations often harbour unique 12 , 13 or functional 14 , 15 genetic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of a globally unique kelp forest from Oman

Coleman

Reddy

Nimbs

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Kelp forests are declining in many regions globally with climatic perturbations causing shifts to alternate communities and significant ecological and economic loss. Range edge populations are often at most risk and are often only sustained through localised areas of upwelling or on deeper reefs. Here we document the loss of kelp forests (Ecklonia radiata) from the Sultanate of Oman, the only confirmed northern hemisphere population of this species. Contemporary surveys failed to find any kelp in its only known historical northern hemisphere location, Sadah on the Dhofar coast. Genetic analyses of historical herbarium specimens from Oman confirmed the species to be E. radiata and revealed the lost population contained a common CO1 haplotype found across South Africa, Australia and New Zealand suggesting it once established through rapid colonisation throughout its range. However, the Omani population also contained a haplotype that is found nowhere else in the extant southern hemisphere distribution of E. radiata. The loss of the Oman population could be due to significant increases in the Arabian Sea temperature over the past 40 years punctuated by suppression of coastal upwelling. Climate-mediated warming is threatening the persistence of temperate species and precipitating loss of unique genetic diversity at lower latitudes.

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Genotype–Environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change

Cited by 51 publications

References 132 publications

Genotypic variation in response to extreme events may facilitate kelp adaptation under future climates

Genotypic variation in response to extreme events may facilitate kelp adaptation under future climates

Development of tools to rapidly identify cryptic species and characterize their genetic diversity in different European kelp species

Loss of a globally unique kelp forest from Oman

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