Genotype × Environment Interactions and Yield Stability of Food-Grade Soybean Genotypes

Abstract

both in the national and international markets (Carter and Wilson, 1998;Boerma and Mian, 1998). Soyfoods Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an important component of have been reported to provide protection against heart the Asian diet, is gaining popularity as a source of vegetable protein and phytochemicals in the USA. However, soybean cultivars with disease, cancer, menopausal symptoms, and other disdesirable agronomic traits and biochemical components that enhance eases (Carter and Wilson, 1998; Messina and Messina, the quality of soyfoods have not been identified for cultivation in the 1991). Because of the nutraceutical value of soybean, USA. Twelve soybean genotypes, including three from Japan, were there is a growing demand for soyfoods, such as soymilk, evaluated for their agronomic performance, genotype ϫ environment several types of tofu, soybean sprouts, and soynuts. Soy-(GE) interactions, and yield stability at four locations in the USA food sales in the USA have been growing steadily at a from 1994 to 1997. At maturity, seed yield, biomass, harvest index rate of 10 to 25% yr Ϫ1 (Kuhn, 1996) and exceeded $600 (HI), and 100-seed dry weight were determined using plants harvested million in 1998. About 9 to 10 million t of soybean seed from the middle two rows of each plot. Genotypic differences for the are imported into Asia for manufacturing soyfoods and traits examined were significant. The mean seed yield across locations for oil extraction. Tofu, a cottage cheese-like soybean and years ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 Mg ha Ϫ1 . The Japanese cultivars had larger seeds but were outyielded by the American genotypes by ≈10% curd, has high nutritional value and is rich in proteins, and up to 35% by 'Hutcheson'. The genotype effects were significantly vitamins, and minerals, particularly Ca. Tofu consumplarger than the location ϫ year effects for plant height, seed weight, tion is growing at an annual rate of 20% in the USA and HI, but not for biomass or seed yield. Biomass and HI were and among health-conscious people around the world important determinants of seed yield. S90-1056, V81-1603, V71-370, (Carter and Wilson, 1998). Thus, the increasing market 'Enrei', 'Nakasennari', 'Ware', and 'York' were stable for seed weight for soyfoods and health benefits associated with them across years. Hutcheson, S90-1056, York, MD86-5788, Nakasennari, indicate the economic potential and emphasize the need and BARC-8 showed yield stability across environments and years.for the identification and development of high-yielding S90-1056, York, and Nakasennari were stable for both seed weight and U.S. soybean cultivars suitable for food processing and seed yield; therefore, they could be used for commercial production in human consumption. the USA or for breeding soybean cultivars suitable for tofu preparation.

Incorporation of crop phenology in Simple Biosphere Model (SiBcrop) to improve land-atmosphere carbon exchanges from croplands

“…This Harvest Index range fell within the range (i.e. 0.37-0.45) reported by Rao et al (2002) and that reported by Spaeth et al (1984; Harvest Index range 0.25-0.6)). The estimated average root:shoot ratio soybean at harvest was 0.18.…”

“…Although certain croplands may physically resemble grasslands (i.e. compared to forests), they differ substantially in terms of seasonality, phenology and physiology, and harvested products, which can account for 40-60% of the above ground biomass (Hay, 1995;Prince et al, 2001;Rao et al, 2002;Heard, 2004) that is exported after the crop reaches maturity. Therefore models that simulate agricultural ecosystems should have a good representation of the crop phenology and physiology that are associated with the unique properties of these ecosystems.…”

Sowing Dates and Soybean Cultivars Influence Seed Yield, Oil and Protein Contents in Subtropical Environment

“…In relation to interaction between sowing date and cultivar, Rao et al (2002) cited that different environments influenced mass of 100 seeds, but, the genotypes had more influence. De Bruin and Pedersen (2008) verified in their study, one determined growth habit cultivar that practically did not alter its mass of 100 seeds, at different sowing dates or plant spacing, similarly to cultivar BRS 284 in this study, showing the importance of genotype stability.…”

Combining ability analysis for selected green pod yield components of vegetable soybean genotypes (Glycine max)

“…There is a need to introduce, evaluate, and characterise vegetable soybean cultivars of domestic and Asian origins for cultivation in the United States. Development of soybean cultivars for vegetable purposes offers potential for expanding the domestic and international soybean markets (Rao et al 2000).…”