Genotype Distributions in Top-level Soccer Players: A Role forACE?

Abstract

We determined the genotype and allelic frequency of several genetic polymorphisms (ACE I/D, GDF-8K153R [and also E164K, P198A and I225T] and AMPD1 C34T) that are candidates to influence sports performance in a group of 54 male professional soccer players. Their results were compared with those of elite endurance male athletes (52 runners) and 123 sedentary, healthy men (controls). We found statistical significance for the ACE ID (chi (2)((2))=8.176, P=0.017) and II genotypes (chi(2)((2))=16.137, P<0.001) with a higher and lower frequency of ID ( P=0.005) and II (P<0.001), respectively, in soccer players than in endurance runners. Statistical significance was also reached for AMPD1 (with a higher frequency of the CT genotype in soccer players than in runners [chi(2)((2))=7.538, P=0.006]) but not for GDF-8 K153R. Since the ACE II genotype is associated with improved potential for endurance performance but with decreased training gains in muscle mass and strength, these findings together with previous results support the notion that elite soccer players tend to have a power/strength oriented genotype.

The K153R variant in the myostatin gene and sarcopenia at the end of the human lifespan

“…The resulting PCR products were genotyped by single base extension (SBE) (Juffer et al 2009). The primers used for A55T, E164K, I225T K153R and P198A were 5′CTAAATCTTCAAGAATAGAA-3′, 5′-CAAACACTGTTGTAGGAGTCT-3′, 5′-CTG AATCCAACTTAGGCA-3′, 5′-TTTAATACAATA CAATAAAGTAGTAA-3′, and 5′-TTTTTTTT ATCTCTGAAACTTGACATGAAC-3′, respectively.…”

The C Allele in NOS3 -786 T/C Polymorphism is Associated with Elite Soccer Player's Status

“…Two recent studies showed a higher proportion of the R allele of the R577X polymorphism in the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3 ) gene, and of the DD genotype of the Insertion(I)/Deletion(D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, in world-class professional soccer players compared with non-athletic controls and elite endurance athletes [12,23]. In addition, Fatini et al showed that the ACE D allele is associated with training-induced changes in the left ventricular mass of elite Italian soccer players [7].…”

Athletic Performance and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene: Review

“…; 54 profesyonel erkek futbolcu; 52 elit erkek koşucu ve 123 sağlıklı erkek kontrol gruplarında yaptıkları çalış-mada, 52 elit erkek koşucuda, ADE II ve ADE I/D genotipinin kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak daha anlamlı olduğunu, fakat futbolcularda bu polimorfizm açısından fark bulunmadığını belirlemişlerdir. 43 ADE DD genotipli kişilerin maxVO 2 gerektiren kısa süreli aerobik dayanıklılık sporlarında daha iyi performansa ve dolayısıyla daha yüksek maxVO 2 düzeyine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. 44,42 Rankinen ve ark., beyaz (476) ve siyah (248) ırktan oluşan büyük heterojen grubun içinde yer alan beyaz ebeveynlerden, ADE DD genotipine sahip olanların antrenmanlara daha yüksek maxVO 2 artışı ile yanıt verdiğini saptamışlardır.…”