Genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in a subset of infected young people in Central Nigeria

Pennap, G. R. I.; Mohammed, Haruna Isa; Oti, Victor B.; Adoga, Moses P

doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00122

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Genotype A is found in the Southern and Eastern regions, and genotype D is predominantly circulating in the Northern Africa region. Genotype E is more in most of SSA regions including Nigeria; this report excludes Uganda and Cameroon which are predominant with the A genotype [5,60,64,65]. Genotype A is prevalent in Europe and Southeast Asia, including the Philippines [43,66].…”

Section: Genotypic Distribution Of Hbvmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hepatitis B virus until now has been reported to have 10 genotypes (A-J) with identified peculiar distribution based on regions to its high degree of genetic heterogeneity [5,[60][61][62]. HBV genotyping is significant in diverse ways.…”

Section: Genotypic Distribution Of Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HBV infection is a hepatocyte infection that is globally considered as a public health concern [1-3]. There are more than 2 billion persons infected with HBV living today worldwide with 260 million estimated to be chronically infected with the infection and having a carrier rate varying from 9 to 20% in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [4][5][6]. Annually, there are close to 900,000 HBV-related deaths, mainly due to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Oti¹

2021

Tourism

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus that infects the hepatocytes. HBV infection is considered as an important public health concern globally especially with one-third of the world's population been infected. Local and international migrants are one of those population at high risk of the infection. Many factors interplay in the acquisition of HBV such as purpose of travel, destination endemicity rate of the virus, time of stay of the traveler, inadequate prevention and control measures, among others, understanding the genotypes of HBV is critical in correlating the evolution of the virus and migration of humans and also treatment responses of infected population. The symptom of the virus ranges from fever to jaundice and to a liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transmission of HBV is commonly via horizontal route in developing regions and in the developed regions; transmission occur more often among adults that use injectable drugs and high-risk sexual behaviors. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended HBV screening and vaccination to all travelers without an HBV immunization history before traveling to endemic regions. This chapter gives an overview on HBV as a potential traveler's infection.

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Section: Genotypic Distribution Of Hbvmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Genotypic Distribution Of Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Oti¹

2021

Tourism

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“…In SSA, HBV genotype E predominates and is seen through the region (especially West and Central Africa). 50 This is followed by genotype A, which is the predominant genotype in Uganda and Cameroon. Both these genotypes have a high oncogenic potential compared with the others.…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Hcc In Ssamentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mukthinuthalapati

Sewram

Ndlovu

et al. 2021

JCO Global Oncology

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More than 80% of global hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are estimated to occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Eastern Asia. The most common risk factor of HCC in SSA is chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with the incidence highest in West Africa. HBV is highly endemic in SSA and is perpetuated by incomplete adherence to birth dose immunization, lack of longitudinal follow-up care, and impaired access to antiviral therapy. HBV may directly cause HCC through somatic genetic alterations or indirectly through altered liver function and liver cirrhosis. Other risk factors of HCC in SSA include aflatoxins and, to a lesser extent, African iron overload. HIV plus HBV co-infection increases the risk of developing HCC and is increasingly becoming more common because of improving the survival of patients with HIV infection. Compared with the rest of the world, patients with HCC in SSA have the lowest survival. This is partly due to the late presentation of HCC with advanced symptomatic disease as a result of underdeveloped surveillance practices. Moreover, access to care and resource limitations further limit outcomes for the patients who receive a diagnosis in SSA. There is a need for multipronged strategies to decrease the incidence of HCC and improve its outcomes in SSA.

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“…Worldwide, there are approximately 260 million persons chronically infected with HBV and a carrier rate that differs from 9-20% in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) [6][7][8] while 190 million HCV infections that are prolonged [9]. From the time when HIV epidemic started, above 70 million individuals have acquired this virus, leading to approximately 35 million deaths globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic Survey of HBV, HCV and HIV Infections in a Pregnant Women Population in Central Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Oti¹,

H²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2021

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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Parallel and overlapping of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in pregnant women is a major public health problem. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the parallel and overlapping infections of HBV, HCV and HIV among pregnant women population in Keffi, Central Nigeria between June through August 2019. Four hundred (400) women blood specimens were collected from major Hospitals in Keffi for the study after informed consent and ethical approval were retrieved and a structured questionnaire was administered to each women before sample collection. Specimens were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV antibodies using rapid test kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Information obtained were statistically analysed using SSP version 2.80 and any P values less than 0.05 were reflected statistically significant. Out of the 400 women screened, there was overlapping infections of 11 (2.8%), 6 (1.5%) and 3 (0.8%) for HBV/HCV, HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV respectively. Parallel infections were 22 (5.5%), 12 (3.0%) and 14 (3.5%) for HBV, HCV and HIV. Only educational status was statistically related to HCV infection (p < 0.05). Those women that were below 20-years-old had the highest prevalence of HBV and HIV, meanwhile, women aged > 51 years recorded the highest prevalence for infection due to HCV. The parallel and overlapping HBV, HCV and HIV infections reported in this study is a stimulant for more proactive measures towards eliminating these viruses among pregnant women in Nigeria.

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Genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in a subset of infected young people in Central Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa

Epidemiologic Survey of HBV, HCV and HIV Infections in a Pregnant Women Population in Central Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

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