Genotype characterization of livestock and human cystic echinococcosis in Mazandaran province, Iran

Abstract

Echinococcus granulosus is a helminth from the family Taeniidae, which causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and diverse livestock around the world. The identification of existing genotypes in different regions is a major step towards the prevention and establishment of control programmes for the disease. This study aimed to detect CE genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) gene and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) gene in isolates from the central part of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Forty isolates were collected from sheep, 17 from cattle and 6 from human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE). The ITS1 and Cox1 genes were successfully amplified by PCR in 41 and 42 samples, respectively. PCR-RFLP and sequencing showed that all isolates had the G1-G3 genotypes in this study. Out of 31 isolates subjected to sequencing for the Cox1 gene, 80.7% had the G1 genotype. G2 (16.1%) and G3 (3.2%) genotypes were observed in five sheep and one cattle samples, respectively. Five human isolates were also sequenced for the ITS1 gene, which showed that all samples belonged to the G1 genotype. Ten haplotypes were determined among the isolates by alignment analysis of the Cox1 gene. In summary, this study demonstrated that G1 was the dominant genotype circulating between humans and livestock in the studied region. Furthermore, high genotypic diversity among the CE isolates was observed.

Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Livestock and Hu-man in Hamadan, Western Iran

“…In the present study, three genotypes of E. granulosus (G1, G2 and G3) were detected in Hamadan region, based on mitochondrial genes analysis, and G1 was the most prevalent genotypes in this area (84%). This finding is consistent with the results of some studies conducted in other parts of Iran (13, 21, 22). Common sheep strain (G1) was the only genotype of the parasite detected in human and livestock hydatid cysts (23,24).…”

Multivesicular hepatic human hydatid cyst from Iran: First genotyping‐based confirmation

“…Studies have also shown that there are different subgroups of G1 in Iran 17 . Furthermore, previous research has shown that G1 is the most common genotype in Mazandaran province, and our findings are consistent with previous studies 18,19 . These results show that the dog and sheep cycle is the most common route of transmission of this parasite in Mazandaran province.…”

“…17 Furthermore, previous research has shown that G1 is the most common genotype in Mazandaran province, and our findings are consistent with previous studies. 18 , 19 These results show that the dog and sheep cycle is the most common route of transmission of this parasite in Mazandaran province. The dominance of the G1 genotype in northern Iran affects the relationship between the human population, sheep, and cattle, and, considering that Mazandaran province has suitable pastures for traditional breeding of domestic animals and the existence of stray dogs in this area, it could be a potential reservoir for human pollution.…”

Advances in the study of molecular identification technology of Echinococcus species

“…PCR has been developed following the demand for molecular detection to diagnose Echinococcus in increasing application areas, such as hydatid disease detection of human and animal, epidemiological investigation, as well as genotyping of Echinococcus, etc. (Armua-Fernandez et al, 2011;Soares et al, 2013;Avcioglu et al, 2017;He et al, 2017;Bittencourt-Oliveira et al, 2018;Gorgani-Firouzjaee et al, 2019;Moradi et al, 2019;Ohiolei et al, 2019;Wan et al, 2020;Grimm et al, 2021).…”