Genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects on the grain yield performance of cowpea genotypes in dryland farming system in South Africa

Gerrano, Abe Shegro; Rensburg, W.S. Jansen van; Mathew, Isack; Shayanowako, Admire; Bairu, Michael W.; Venter, S.L.; Swart, W. J.; Mofokeng, Alina; Mellem, John J.; Labuschagne, Maryke

doi:10.1007/s10681-020-02611-z

Cited by 35 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…AMMI analysis showed that the environmental effects accounted for the most (63.98%) of the total variation compared to the other components, implying that differential cowpea yield performance was typically caused by environmental changes. This is in agreement with the ndings of Shegro et al (2020) and Simion (2018) that environment made the largest contribution to grain yield variation in cowpea. The magnitude of the GEI sum of squares was 6.12 times that of the genotype sum of squares for grain yield of cowpea, indicating that there were considerable differences in genotypic responses across environments, which was contrary with the ndings of Shegro et al(2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Cowpea landraces in Ethiopia

Mekonnen

Mekbib

Amsalu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cowpea is one of the most important indigenous food and forage legumes in Africa. It serves as a primary source of protein for poor farmers in drought-prone areas of Ethiopia. The crop is used as a source of food, and insurance crop during the dry season. Cowpea is adaptable to a wide range of climatic conditions. Despite this, the productivity of the crop is generally low due to lack of stable and drought tolerant varieties. In this study, 25 cowpea genotypes were evaluated in five environments using a triple lattice design during the 2017 and 2018 main cropping seasons. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and grain yield stability of selected drought tolerant cowpea genotypes across different environments. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model indicated the contribution of environment, genotype and GEI as 63.98 6%, 2.66% and 16.30% of the total variation for grain yield, respectively. The magnitudes of the GEI sum of squares were 6.12 times that of the genotypes for grain yield. The IPCA1, IPCA2 and IPCA3 were all significant and explained 45.47%, 28.05% and 16.59% of the GEI variation, respectively. The results from AMMI, cultivar superior measure (Pi), genotype plus genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot yield stability index (YSI), and AMMI stability value (ASV) analyses identified NLLP-CPC-07-145-21, NLLP-CPC-103-B and NLLP_CPC-07-54 as stable and high yielding genotypes across environments. Thus, these genotypes should be recommended for release for production for drought prone areas. NLLP-CPC-07-143, Kanketi and CP-EXTERETIS were the least stable. The AMMI1 biplot showed that Jinka was a high potential and favorable environment while Babile was an unfavorable environment for cowpea production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Cowpea landraces in Ethiopia

Mekonnen

Mekbib

Amsalu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In Brazil, da Silva et al (2016) and Sousa et al (2018) reported significant GE interactions for protein content and grain yield, respectively. In South Africa, Gerrano et al (2020) reported significant GE interactions for grain yield. However, the study of Gerrano et al (2020) used only 15 cowpea genotypes, which is a…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Genotype × environment interactions for cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] have been reported in Egypt (El‐Shaieny, Abdel‐Ati, El‐Damarany, & Rashwan, 2015), Brazil (da Silva, Santos, & Boiteux, 2016; Sousa, Damasceno‐Silva, Rocha, Júnior, & Lemos Lima, 2018), Ethiopia (Gereziher, Diriba, & Molla, 2018; Simion, 2018; Simion, Mohammed, & Amsalu, 2018), Zimbabwe (Matova & Gasura, 2018), and South Africa (Gerrano et al., 2020; Horna, Shimelis, Sarsuc, Mwadzingenia, & Lainga, 2017). El‐Shaieny et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Africa, Gerrano et al. (2020) reported significant GE interactions for grain yield. However, the study of Gerrano et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the study of Gerrano et al. (2020) used only 15 cowpea genotypes, which is a small portion of the germplasm pool, further highlighting the need to comprehensively investigate the magnitude and nature of GE interactions for cowpea genotypes’ seed yield in South Africa conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evaluation of a southern African cowpea germplasm collection for seed yield and yield components

Mbuma

Gerrano

Lebaka³

et al. 2020

Crop Science

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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a valuable crop for subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Characterization and evaluation of cowpea germplasm collections based on seed yield for genotype × environment (GE) interactions can assist in improving the adaptability and stability across environments. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variability in the germplasm collection, to determine the magnitude of GE interactions, to identify superior genotypes across environments, and to determine the phenotypic correlations among the seed yield and related traits. Seventy-five cowpea genotypes were planted in three different locations during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons, and data were collected for seed yield and its components. Highly significant (P < .001) genotype effect for seed yield traits suggested great genetic differences among the tested populations. Significant (P < .05) genotype × location interaction (GL), genotype × season interaction (GS), and genotype × location × season interaction (GLS) effects were observed for seed yield traits, indicating the presence of complex GE interactions. The GLS effect was more than the GL and GS effects for seed yield, 100-seed weight, number of pods, and pod width, highlighting the difficulty in genetic improvement of these traits. Cowpea genotypes 6 (ARC006), 49 (ARC049), 63 (IT90K-76), and 57 (PAN311) showed high yield, wide adaptation, and stability. Genotype 58 (NGOII) and 1 (ARC001) showed high yield, instability, and specific adaptation. No clear mega-environments were identified. Significant (P < .05) correlations were observed among most of the traits evaluated. The results obtained can serve as a guide and basis of germplasm management and improvement of cowpea seed yield.

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Dual‐purpose cowpea grain and fodder yield response to variety, nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizer, and environment

Faye,

Obour,

Akplo

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Addressing the challenges of food and nutrition insecurity in sub‐Saharan Africa will require innovative agriculture production systems that support multiple objectives. Dual‐purpose cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] varieties are expected to offer greater grain yields for human consumption and high‐quality fodder for livestock in semiarid regions of Senegal. However, limited information is available on the effects of varieties and fertilizer on dual‐purpose cowpea. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the grain and fodder yield of five newly released cowpea varieties (Kelle, Leona, Lizard, Sam, and Thieye) compared to traditional variety (Yacine) with fertilizer (nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium 6‐20‐10) and no‐fertilizer application. Genotype × environment × management experimentations were conducted across three cowpea production zones of Darou Mousty (400 mm per year), Bambey (500 mm per year), and Boulel (700 mm per year) over three growing seasons (2019–2021) to compare the growth and yield parameters of the cowpea varieties. Results of the study showed a 40% grain yield advantage from the greater yielding (Leona) variety in this study compared with the lower yielding (Lizard) variety. There was an additional 22% grain yield increase from the application of fertilizer compared with the unfertilized treatment. The variety (Leona) that produced the most grain also produced the most fodder yields. There was 67% fodder yield advantage from Leona compared with fodder yield from the older variety Yacine. Across varieties, application of fertilizer increased fodder yield by 15% compared to the unfertilized control. Average grain yield in high‐yielding environment (Boulel 2019, Darou Mousty 2019, and Bambey 2021) was 100% greater compared with average grain yield in low‐yielding environments (Boulel 2021, Darou Mousty 2021, and Bambey 2019). Compared to Yacine, dual‐purpose varieties increased net returns by 15%–58% or 13%–42% with early‐ and late‐season cowpea sales, respectively. However, fertilizer application was profitable only when cowpea grain and fodder were sold later in the season. In general, cowpea number of branches, pod number, and pod yield increased with fertilizer application. We concluded that producers can adopt dual‐purpose varieties and proper fertilizer management to increase grain yield, fodder availability, and profitability of cowpea production in Senegal.

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Genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects on the grain yield performance of cowpea genotypes in dryland farming system in South Africa

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Cowpea landraces in Ethiopia

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Cowpea landraces in Ethiopia

The evaluation of a southern African cowpea germplasm collection for seed yield and yield components

Dual‐purpose cowpea grain and fodder yield response to variety, nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizer, and environment

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