Genotype and Environment Influence on Raffinose and Stachyose Content of Soybean Seed

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop for protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and many other nutrients to humans and animals. But, antinutritional factors in the raw mature soybean are exist. Raffinose and stachyose are main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. Both raffinose and stachyose are carbohydrates, belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). RFOs are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The objective of this research is to obtain the information on raffinose and stachyose content according to genotype and environment. A total of twenty two soybean genotypes (11 cultivars, 3 germplasms and 8 breeding lines) were selected. Each genotype was grown in the field for two years with two replications and harvested in bulk at natural maturity for two years. Content of raffinose and stachyose was detected by HPLC. The raffinose content (g/kg) of 22 genotypes was 2.68±0.21 -5.87±2.43 in year 1 and was 3.24±0.37 -9.05±0.16 in year 2. The stachyose content (g/kg) was 4.23±0.98 -27.68±9.90 at year 1 and was 5.11±1.09 -25.32±0.35 in year 2. Genotype and environment have highly significant effects on raffinose and stachyose content. Three genotypes (Da-7, 116-13, and RS-78) have low stachyose content at 5% significant level in two years. A positive correlation (R 2 =0.1985*) between raffinose and stachyose was observed in year 2. These informations are valuable in soybean genetics and breeding program related with raffinose and stachyose content. Keywords

Breeding of Penta Null Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for Five Antinutritional and Allergenic Components of Lipoxygenase, KTI, Lectin, 7S α′ Subunit, and Stachyose

“…After harvesting, random F 5 seeds were used to confirm recessive genotypes ( lox1lox2lox3 / lox1lox2lox3 - ti / ti - le / le - cgy1 / cgy1 - rs2 / rs2 ) by observing the absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α′ subunit proteins. Low stachyose content ( rs2rs2 genotype) for the strain developed was confirmed by HPLC ( Sung et al, 2014 ). The scheme for the improvement of penta null alleles ( lox1lox2lox3 / lox1lox2lox3 - ti / ti - le / le - cgy1 / cgy1 - rs2 / rs2 ) is presented in Figure 1 .…”

“…Gels were photographed under transmitted UV light. Stachyose content for the breeding line and cultivar (“Daewonkong”) was analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method ( Sung et al, 2014 ). The cultivar (“Daewonkong”) was used as a control for the normal content of stachyose ( Rs2Rs2 genotype).…”

Comparison of the seed nutritional composition between conventional varieties and transgenic soybean overexpressing Physaria FAD3‐1

“…One unit of trypsin inhibitor was defined as the amount of inhibitor that reduced the optical density reading of trypsin‐digested BAPNA by 0.01. The raffinose and stachyose assays were based on two methods 30,31 . The samples were extracted in 50% ethanol with shaking at 200 rpm for 15 min using a Thermomixer comport (Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany), and then sonicated at 80 °C in a water bath for 25 min.…”

“…Mean discriminations were performed by using Bonferroni‐corrected t ‐tests and statistically significant differences were determined at the probability level of P < 0.05. In order to determine the difference between each PfFAD3‐1 transgenic line and KA, a mixed model ANOVA was employed across test sites 31,33,34 . Entry was considered a fixed effect; location and the location‐by‐entry interaction were considered random effects.…”

Agronomic Traits of Soybean Breeding Lines with Low Stachyose and Raffinose Contents

“…분 석 column은 Supelcogel 610-H column (300×7.8 mm i.d., 9 μm, Supelco, USA)을 사용하였으며, elution solvent는 0.1% H 3 PO 3 수용액을 사용하였고, 이동상의 flow rate는 0.6 ml/min, 시료의 주입량은 10 μl이었다. 각각의 표준용 액은 100 mg/ml을 삼차 증류수에 용해하여 stock solution 으로 갈색 유리병에 냉장보관한 후, 희석하여 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625 mg/ml로 하여 각각의 chromatogram을 얻었 으며 peak의 면적당 표준용액 농도의 관계로 검량선을 작 성하여 시료의 raffinose 및 stachyose 함량 정량분석에 적 용하였다(Sung et al, 2014).…”