Genotype and environment effects on sensory, nutritional, and physical traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

protein quality is better than other legumes such as dry bean, pigeonpea, black gram and green gram (Friedman, 1996;Kaur et al., 2005). Overall, chickpea seed has good nutritional value; it has low levels of anti-nutritional factors and it is rich in some minerals and vitamins RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS AbstractThe development of chickpea cultivars with high quality grains for human consumption is an important objective in breeding programs. Genotype and environment effects on seed quality traits (sensorial, nutritional and physical) were studied in chickpea dry grain. Twenty genotypes were grown in winter and spring sowings over two campaigns in four different locations in southern Spain. Significant differences were observed in oil, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and protein content between sowing times (S). In winter, oil and ADF content were higher, while protein content was lower. Although, in general, highly significant variation was detected for genotype (G), environment (E) and single interactions (GE, GS and ES), the genotype effect was stronger for ADF, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), oil, starch and protein content, and for physical and sensory traits (r 2 >27%). In contrast, environment played an important role in variation in the content of amylose and amylopectin (r 2 =71.7%). No high relationships were found between the sensory and nutritional or physical characteristics studied. In general, our results suggest a high genetic gain for seed quality in nutritional, physical and sensory traits in chickpea. Genotypes with good seed sensory quality should be selected in the final stages of the breeding program, because it is not feasible to evaluate very large numbers of samples. However, in some cases, moderate correlations were found between sensory and either nutritional or physical traits. Therefore, indirect selection to increase the frequency of genes for sensory traits in an early stage should be considered.Additional key words: seed quality; sowing time; organoleptic traits; principal component analysis; genotype-environment interaction.Abbreviations used: ADF (acid detergent fiber); CT (seed coat thickness); E (environment); ES (environment-sowing time interaction); G (genotype); GE (genotype-environment interaction); GES (genotype-environment-sowing time interaction): GS (genotype-sowing time interaction); HI (hydration index); NDF (neutral detergent fiber); NIRS (near infrared reflectance spectroscopy); PCA (principal component analysis); r 2 (determination coefficient of the cross validation); R 2 (determination coefficient of the calibration); S (sowing time); SEC (typical error of the calibration); SECV (typical error of cross validation); SW (seed size).

Genome-Wide SNP Discovery and Mapping QTLs for Seed Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

“…Using principal component analysis, variation for seed and flour characteristics among 79 chickpea germplasm accessions used in European breeding programs revealed higher protein and fiber in desi and higher fat content in kabuli types ( 23 ). Recently, studies on genotype and environment effects on seed quality traits demonstrated that environment plays an important role in variation in amylose and amylopectin content ( 24 ). None of these studies utilized genomics tools to understand the genetics of these traits.…”

A comparative metabolomic study on desi and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under rainfed and irrigated field conditions

“…Kabuli genotypes have larger, rounder and cream-colored seeds that are largely grown in North Africa, West Asia, North America and Europe, whereas desi genotypes have relatively smaller, angular-shaped and dark colored seeds mostly grown in Asia and Africa 3 . Chickpea seeds have good nutritional value—they contain high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and are an inexpensive source of high quality plant protein for millions of people in developing countries 4 , 5 . They are also rich in minerals, dietary fibers and vitamins such as tocopherol (both γ and α), folic acid, riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), and carotenoids such as β-carotene, lutein, cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin 6 .…”

​Effect of Genotype and Sowing Period on Chickpea Quality, Bioactive and Antioxidant Traits

“…Genotypic effect was stronger than sowing effect, accounting >85% for the physical traits (Wood et al, 2008). The genotypic effect was stronger than the effect of sowing time for some quality traits (Protein, HI, HC) (>64%) (Cobos et al, 2016), whereas CT was largely affected by genotype, sowing time and their interaction. Bioactive traits and antioxidant activity were mostly affected by the genotype, but the effect of sowing period and the interaction GxS, were also significant.…”

“…This likely happened due to the negative correlation between seed size and SCP. According to Cobos et al (2016) there is non significant correlation between HI and CT, whereas, there is a moderate positive correlation between HI and seed size.…”