Genotype–activity relationship for Mn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 1 and catalase in humans

Abstract

Interindividual variability of antioxidant enzyme activity in healthy young adults was partially explained by significant associations with three known genetic polymorphisms, and was further modified by gender and ethnicity. A substantial component of this variability may be attributable to differences in diet, environmental exposures, and additional genetic factors.

Genetic polymorphisms influence runners’ responses to the dietary ingestion of antioxidant supplementation based on pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.): a before-after study

“…As previously mentioned, genes have been implicated in the levels of oxidative stress, lipids, CVD risk, immune reactivity, and performance [12,15,18,20,22,23,34,36,42,45,55,62,68,69,78,85,95,147]. Although it is difficult for any study to control all the involved variables, the following were controlled in this study: (1) only trained sportsmen were included; (2) the athletes could choose the distance that they would cover, according to the type, intensity and length of weekly training, guaranteeing no additional physical stress beyond what they are accustomed to; (3) the volunteers were grouped for distance chosen, so that the same route was covered in both races inside the same time for each group of athletes, guaranteeing also the same intensity (time needed to finish the races); (4) although the athletes had a variable degree of training intensity, the amount of training per week was similar (in number of days and hours of training); (5) the volunteers ran the same distance in both races in the same sample time interval and under the same environmental conditions; consequently, the same plasma expansion would be expected in both races; (6) the only change in the athletes' routine between the two races was the supplementation with pequi oil; (7) for the analyzed parameters, differences between sexes are not considered for clinical purposes [46,67,137]; (8) for the lipid profile, differences between age groups (up to and from 19 years old) are only clinically considered in fasting [46]; we, however, worked with postprandial lipid profile, and the sample size of this age group was only 20 individuals, which we consider too small to influence the overall result, mainly because there was no correlation between age groups and the analyzed genetic markers.…”

“…These include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): Val9Ala in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the manganese (MnSOD) gene (NCBI, refSNP ID: rs1799725), -21A/T in the promoter region of the catalase (CAT) gene (NCBI, refSNP ID: rs7943316), and Pro198Leu of the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) gene (NCBI, refSNP ID: rs1050450) [45]. The effect of these variations has not yet been clarified; however, most of the polymorphisms result in changes in the levels or the activities of these enzymes, which can lead to a reduction in protection against oxidative stress [12]. Genes have also been implicated in changed lipid levels [18,22], increased CVD risk [15,23,34,62,85,95], immune reactivity [69], biotransformation of many substances, including products of oxidative stress [36,68,147], and athletic performance [20,42,78].…”

Under Increased Hydrogen Peroxide conditions, the Antioxidant Effects of Pequi Oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) to Decrease DNA Damage in Runners are Influenced by Sex, Age and oxidative Stress-related Genetic Polymorphisms

“…[12,13] Among them, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the antioxidant enzyme genes and null polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes have been reported to produce altered or absent levels or activities of those enzymes, leading to lowered protection against oxidative stress. [14,15] In such circumstances, ROS may interact with cellular biomolecules, such as DNA, with potentially serious consequences for the cell. [16] Similarly, activation of the renin angiotensin system has been associated with increased vascular superoxide anion production, [17] so the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene can influence vascular oxidative stress.…”

The role of Cat -262C/T, GPX1 Pro198Leu and Sod1+35A/C gene polymorphisms in a development of primary open-angle glaucoma in a Polish population

“…The +35A/C polymorphism (rs2234694) is adjacent to the splicing point (exon3/intron3) [16], being related to the SOD1-activity -AA-genotype having the higher SOD1-activity [22].…”