Genotoxicity, Teratogenicity and Mutagenicity of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning

Behravan, Effat; Rezaee, Mitra Asgharian

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23874-6_12

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Although the mean level of γH2AX in exposed group was almost two folds of the unexposed group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Elevated level of phosphorylated H2AX (Ser139) -a DNA damage pathway proteinis consistent with results from concurrently performed analysis of the level of DNA damage measured by Comet assay (Figure 2) indicating the DNA damage after exposure to sulfur mustard (1). High DNA damage and H2AX expression after exposure SM might be due to reduced expression of repair proteins in the DNA damage cascade.…”

Section: Western Blotting Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Genotoxicity tests such as in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test, Ames test, comet assay, HPRT assay and mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test are used to specify single and double strand breaks of DNA, cross links, point mutations and other sorts of DNA damage (1). Chemical weapons were specifically designed to kill, injure, or incapacitate; among them vesicants such as sulfur mustard (SM) and lewisite cause blistering of skin and mucous membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-links may also induce double strand breaks. All these damage activate enzymes enrolled in DNA repair mechanisms such as PARP-1 (1,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA damage and repair proteins in cellular response to sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans more than two decades after exposure

et al. 2018

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Delayed effects of sulfur mustard (SM) exposure on the levels of five important damage/repair proteins were investigated in 40 SM-exposed veterans of Iran-Iraq war and 35 unexposed controls. A major DNA damage biomarker protein - phosphorylated H2AX - along with four DNA repair proteins in cell response to the genome damage MRE11, NBS1, RAD51, and XPA were evaluated in blood lymphocytes from the veterans and controls using western blotting. Mean levels of XPA, MRE11, RAD51 and NBS1 were lower in SM-exposed patients and the decrease in NBS1 was significant. Even though the raised level of phosphor-H2AX in SM-poisoned group compared to the controls was not significant it was consistent with DNA damage findings confirming the severity of damage to the DNA after exposure to SM. There were correlations between the values of RAD51 and NBS1 proteins as well as XPA and MRE11 proteins. More than two decades after exposure to SM, there is still evidences of DNA damage as well as impaired repair mechanisms in cells of exposed individuals. Such disorders in cellular level may contribute to long term health problems of the SM veterans.

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Section: Western Blotting Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%